{"id":1435,"date":"2026-09-01T17:04:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T17:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/?p=1435"},"modified":"2026-09-03T18:30:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T18:30:01","slug":"%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quote-style wp-block-paragraph\">\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed [1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373 \u8bdd\u8bed \uff0c discourse \uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a [2] \u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed[1]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0cdiscourse\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a[2]\u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c \u4e00\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u8de8\u5165\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u95e8\u574e\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66[3]\uff08semiology\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53bb\u63a2\u6c42\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u6001\uff08discourse-genres\uff09 \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u628a\u8bd7\u7684\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u628a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u603b\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53d9\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf \u4e2d\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u5219\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53f2\u8bd7\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u620f\u5267\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5 \u533a\u522b\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\uff08languagye-act\uff09\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u540d\u5bb6\u5982\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u3001\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3[4]\u548c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1[5]\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6240\u505a\u7684\u975e\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u7edd\u975e\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\uff09\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e00\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5199\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\uff08\u6216\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff09\u53bb\u8c08\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c61\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8f6c\u5165\u548c\u8f6c\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\uff08sui-referential\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed[6]\uff08shifters\uff09\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08monitorial mode\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff09\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\uff08evidential category\uff09\uff1b \u5b83\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\u663e\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6599 \u6765\u6e90\u548c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f15\u8bc1\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8be5\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u2014\u2014\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc3\u5b89\u7406\u5f97\u5730\u9ed8\u9ed8\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u8d44 \u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8d44\u6599\uff1b\u56e0\u800c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5bb6\u2014\u2014 \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u5171\u540c\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u8c61\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u95fb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u636e\u5b9e\u800c\u8a00\u201d\u7b49\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8c08\u8ff0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u5ba1\u6838\u201d\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\uff081830\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u767d\u5730\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89e3\u8bf4\u6027\u624b\u6cd5\u91cc\uff08\u5c5e\u4e8e\u865a\u6784\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c \u4e8c\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u636e\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u53d9\u8ff0\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u5176\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8def\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u80fd \u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8bf8\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u53ef\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f6e\u6362\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8bed\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08voici\uff09\u548c\u90a3\u91cc\uff08voila\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u9762\uff08narrative dimension\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08\u201c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5012\u9000\uff08\u201c\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u201daltius repelere\uff0c\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u590d\u201d\uff0creplicare de pi\u00f9alto luogo\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u539f\uff08\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2026\u2026\u201dma ritornando all\u2019ordine nosfro, dico come\u2026\u2026\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\uff08\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u53ef\u518d\u8bf4\u4e86\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\uff08organization-shifter\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236[7]\u4e0e \u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u5173\u79cd \u79cd\u52a0\u901f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u53f2\u4e66\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u7684\u300a\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6587 \u5b57\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u7f13\u6162\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff08isochronic\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5173\u8bed\u5f0f\u201d\uff08paragrammatism\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[8]\u8981 \u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u7167\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5f53 \u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5934\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e16\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u51fa\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c8\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279 \u5f81\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u5300\u65f6\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u6240\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u4e0e\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u662f\u76f8\u7b26 \u7684\u3002[9]\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d77\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u6027\u5f00\u7aef\uff08performative opening\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53f2\u8bd7\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u6211\u6b4c\u5531\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u7977\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u201c\u4ee5\u5168\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\uff0c\u8036\u5b89\uff0c\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u5723\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8f7b\u89c6\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u9996\u53e5\uff1b[10]\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u603b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u5f97\u591a\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\uff08metastatement\uff09 \u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5c55\u671b\u6027\u7684\uff08\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u7684\uff08\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u6240\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u524d \u8a00\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed \u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u201c\u53cd\u7b80\u5316\u201d\uff08de-simplify\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cdocument-time\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u7ebf\u8def\u201c\u53cd\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u5316\u201d\uff08dechrono-Icgize\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u6000\u65e7\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u662f\u590d\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u672c\u539f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Time\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bd7\u4eba\u6216\u5360\u535c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u63ed\u793a\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79cd\u79cd\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u6240\u4f2a\u88c5\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9884\u65ad\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8c61\u8bf4\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u5c42\u65f6\u95f4\uff08two-layered Time\uff09\u6765\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u4e0e\u62a5\u9053\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7f16\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\uff08signs\uff09\u6216\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u53ea\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u73b0\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\uff08protagonist\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u51fa\u8005\u4e0e\u6536\u53d7\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7684\u8bcd\u9879\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f88\u5c11\u5e26\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u627f\u8ba4\u8bfb\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff1b\u4eba\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\uff08\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u4f60\uff08Thou\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u6697\u542b\u7740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\uff08destination-signs\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bad\u8beb\u88ab\u8bb2\u6388\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5982\u7531\u6559\u5e08\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u7687\u65cf\u5f1f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u901a\u53f2\u300b\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u4e88\u4eba\u7c7b\u53bb\u6c89\u601d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u540c\u6001\u7684\u590d\u8ff0\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u8c15\uff0c\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3\u624d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u738b\u5b50\u548c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u76ee\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5199\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8868\u660e\u4f5c\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6807\u5e1c\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u5e38\u89c1\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u6837\u4e00\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u6211\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u4ee5\u5916\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u5176\u4eba\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5c5e\u6027\u800c\u88ab\u5145\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5145\u5b9e\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff08fillingin\uff09 \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u4f01\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6545\u610f\u7701\u7565\u5bf9\u4f5c\u54c1\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u5f00\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u81ea\u884c\u5199\u4f5c\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u6781\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u7740\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u5219\u4ece\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff08human persona\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\u4eba\u7269\uff1b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f9d\u7136\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u798f\u65af\u592a\u00b7\u5fb7\u5e93\u6717\u60f9[11]\u5982\u793a\u771f\u8c1b\u5730\u6216\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u5929\u771f\u5730\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d1e\u6d01\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u7f3a\u5982\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u6307\u793a\u6027\u5e7b\u89c9\uff08referential illusion\uff09 \u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f01\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u793a\u6027\u5e7b\u89c9\u7ed9\u4eba\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u6240\u6307\u7269\u5728\u81ea\u8a00\u81ea\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u538b\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7981\u6b32\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a \u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u6b20\u7f3a\uff08absence\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bed \u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u5e94\u7565\u5fae\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bf4 \u8005\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u8005\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u8005\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u6210\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u8272\u8bfa\u82ac[12]\u4e0e \u4e07\u4eba\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u4e0e\u7f16\u53f2\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u8457\u540d\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u51ef\u6492\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u201c\u4ed6\u201d\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7528\u6cd5\uff1b\u5b83\u88ab\u9650\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u7f16\u53f2\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\uff08\u201c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u793a\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e4d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u51ef\u6492\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4ed6\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7269\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ece \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6309\u7167\u642d\u914d\u5173\u7cfb\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7269\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u9650\u7528\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u5408\u6bb5\uff08syntagms of leadership\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6bb5[13]\uff08\u53d1 \u4ee4\u3001\u4e3b\u6301\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u68c0\u9605\u3001\u795d\u8d3a\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u601d\u8003\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5408\u4e8c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u8bed\u3002\u628a\u201c\u4ed6\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u8005\u6765\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8fd8 \u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u975e\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u7684\u6258\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u8bb2\u89e3\u8005\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5904\u5883\u5728\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u8fc7\u53bb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec4\u5408 \u6bb5\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u53ef\u4f9d\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\uff08content-analytical units\uff09\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53f2\u4e66\u6240\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08significata\uff09\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5168\u90e8\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6240\u6307\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u5b81\u53ef\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u90a3\u79cd\u88ab\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6240\u6307\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u6307\u7269\u8fd8\u672a\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u53e5\u6cd5\u6240\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u4f4d\u505a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u65f6\u8fd8\u8fc7\u65e9\uff1b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6240\u8c08\u53ea\u662f\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5386\u53f2\u9648\u8ff0\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u9648\u8ff0\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u9879\u201d\uff08existents\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u4e3b\u9898\uff09\u548c\u201c\u53d1\u751f\u9879\u201d\uff08occurrents\uff0c\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u4e3b\u9898\uff09\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff09\u9879\u76ee\u8868\u6216\u201c\u96c6\u5408\u201d\uff08collection\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u4f1a\u91cd\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u5730\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u9879\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8868\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u738b\u671d\u3001\u541b\u4e3b\u3001\u5c06\u5e05\u3001\u58eb\u5175\u3001\u5e73\u6c11\u548c\u573a\u6240\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u9879\u5219\u9650\u4e8e\u52ab\u63a0\u3001\u5f81\u670d\u3001\u8054\u76df\u3001\u8fdc\u5f81\u3001\u4e5e\u7075\u7b49\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u5408\u662f\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\uff09\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u66ff\u6362\uff08substitution\uff09\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\uff08transformation\uff09 \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u519b\u4e8b\u8bcd\u6c47\u7ec4\u6210\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\u503c\u5f97\u63a2 \u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u60c5\u51b5\u786e\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u5426\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u8482\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u5408\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8bcd \u6c47\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6784\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u5408\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31 \u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5176\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8981\u88ab\u8c03\u914d\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\uff08\u4e0d\u5982\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u90a3\u4e48\u53e4\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\uff09\u66f4\u5bcc\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5355\u4f4d\uff08content-units\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u8bcd\u6c47\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6267\u610f\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5728\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u662f\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u5bcc\u7406\u667a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8bd7\u6559\u4e4b\u795e\u201d\uff08fama\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5854\u897f\u4f57\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u5219\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u201d\uff08mantenere\uff0c\u6307\u653f\u5e9c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u548c\u201c\u6bc1\u706d\u201d\uff08ruinare\uff0c\u6307\u4e8b\u7269\u9893\u8d25\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\u3002[14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c31\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u5355\u4f4d\uff08thematic unit\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u9879\u6765\u8868\u793a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u8bed\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\uff1b\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u5b9e\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\u5316\uff08nominal ization\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u540d\u8bcd\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u53bb\u5217\u4e3e\u6574\u5957\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u7cfb\u5217\uff1b\u8fd9\u5c31\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u8be5\u8bcd\u5bf9\u5185\u5bb9\u9762\uff08content plane\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff08reflex\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u9634\u8c0b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u590d\u6742\u53f2\u5b9e\u7684\u901f\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4f20\u8fbe\u5f53\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5904\u4e8e\u4f18\u80dc\u5730\u4f4d\u65f6\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5206\u8282\uff08articulation\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u5c31\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u7ed3\u6784\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u540d\u8bcd\uff08substantives\uff09\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1b\u9c8d\u57c3\u7eea\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u4e32\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5355\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u901f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff08single noun shorthand notation\uff09\u3002[15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5 \u4e0a\u6240\u8c08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u9879\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u9879\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u7f16\u53f2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7f16\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff09\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9648\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3001 \u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u6216\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u9648\u8ff0\u5374\u53ea\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5728\u5176\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8ff0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8bb2\u8ff0 \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u6ca1\u6709\uff08\u6216\u6781\u5c11\u6709\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u6781\u53cd\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\uff09\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u3002\u5947\u602a\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c \u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u53d8\u6362\u6210\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u3002[16]\u6211 \u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08\u5982\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff09\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1b\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5bf9\u8a00\u8bcd\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd \u8868\u8fbe\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\uff08\u5c31\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff09\u662f\u671d\u5411\u7eaf\u6240\u6307\u7269\u5c42\u6b21\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5373 \u65e0\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5fc5\u987b\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7c7b\u6216\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4e0e\u865a\u6784\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002[17]\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u9690\u55bb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u84c4\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u4e94\u5f69\u8863\u88c5\uff0c\u4fd7\u8273\u7eb9\u7ae0\u548c\u6df7\u6742\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5d29\u6e83\uff1b\u56e0\u800c\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf8\u9879\u5c31\u662f\u6807\u5fd7\uff08indexes\uff0c\u5728\u76ae\u5c14\u58eb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u8bb0\u53f7\uff08signs\uff09\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u5f0f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u3001\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u5f0f\uff09\u4e2d\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002[18]\u7701\u7565\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u4e0d\u4e13\u9650\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u60c5\u8282\u7ebf\u7d22\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u578b\u5f0f\u7684\u5047\u63a8\u7406\u800c\u88ab\u8bfb\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u7701\u7565\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7269\uff08the intelligible\uff09\u4e0e\u975e\u8c61\u5f81\u7269\uff08the non-symbolic\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u5200\u4e24\u65ad\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u540e\u4f46\u975e\u6700\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u666e\u7f57\u666e[19]\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\uff08functions of the narratives\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d27\u8981\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6210\u7ec4\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u5df2\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8868\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5c3d\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u201c\u795e\u8c15\u201d\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u4e09\u9879\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u9879\u9009\u62e9\uff08binary choice\uff0c\u95ee\u6216\u4e0d\u95ee\uff0c\u7b54\u6216\u4e0d\u7b54\uff0c\u4ece\u6216\u4e0d\u4ece\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u622a\u5f00\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u91cd\u53e0\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8d77\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u5c55\u5f00\uff08minor developments\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u5e8f\u5217\u7ed3\uff08nodes of the sequence\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u88c2\u9699\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u65f6\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u70b9\u4ed3\u4fc3\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u6309\u7167\u6807\u5fd7\u5bf9\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u4e24\u8f74\u4e4b\u95f4\u6446\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u6807\u5fd7\u578b\u5355\u4f4d\uff08units of index type\uff09\u4e3a\u4e3b\u65f6\uff08\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u542b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u6292\u60c5\u7684\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\uff1b\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u4e3a\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u91c7\u53d6\u6362\u55bb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u53f2\u8bd7\uff1b\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\u6709\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u3001\u68af\u57c3\u96f7[20]\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\u4f01\u56fe\u590d\u5236\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u5b9e\u9645\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u4ee5\u63a8\u7406\u8bba\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u7684\u2014\u2014\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9 \u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5fc5\u5b9a\u53ea\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u65e0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f57\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u5e74\u8868\uff08\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff09\u548c\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u597d\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u201d \u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u62b5\u6297\u5730\u8d77\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u201c\u6df7\u4e71\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5426 \u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5386 \u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u80fd\u591f\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u5982\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e94\u5f69\u8863\u88c5\uff0c\u6216\u675c\u897f\u5e95\u5fb7\u601d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u522b \u201c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u201d\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5438\u53d6\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff08\u5982\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u6216\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6559\u8bad\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u610f\u4e49\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u5b66 \u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6267\u610f\uff08private obsessions\uff09\u7684\u578b\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u6781\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u975e\u7ed3\u675f\u6027\u6536\u5c3e\uff09\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u8482\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5021\u4e3e\u7531\u4eba\u3001\u5904\u7f6e\u7531\u795e\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5728\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u4ee5\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u5bf9\u6781\u8026\uff08pairs of polar opposites\uff09\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e25\u5bc6\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u63d0\u9ad8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u641c\u96c6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u641c\u96c6\u201c\u80fd\u6307\u201d\uff08signifiants\uff09[21]\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u6307\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u5408\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u53d7\u62d8\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7eaf\u4e8b\u9879\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u8d2b\u4e4f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5341 \u5206\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0d\u6309\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u6309\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u5bf9\u8a00\u8bed\u6240\u8d1f\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u6b63 \u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u60f3\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u624d\u4ece\u7eaf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8981\u60f3\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5f15\u5165\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u201d\u4e00\u65e6\u8bed\u8a00\u4ecb\u5165\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u8bed\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u4e88\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u6ce8 \u610f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c31\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u53ea \u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u5012\u8c61\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u5b58\u5728\u9762\u4e0a\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\uff08extra-structural\uff09\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u590d\u5236\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u5927\u6982\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u7740\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u201c\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\u7684\u6240\u6307\u7269\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u9884\u5148\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8b6c\u55bb\u5730\u8bf4\uff09\u6240\u6307\u7269\u662f\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u8131\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u4e8b\u7269\u5904\u7406\u201d\uff08res gestae )\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u201c\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u201d\uff08historia rerum gestarum\uff09\uff1b \u4f46\u662f\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u6240\u6307\uff09\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u6307\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\uff08\u80fd\u6307\uff09\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\uff1b\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ea\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u9762\u5185\uff1b\u800c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c \u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u547d\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u4e24\u9879\uff1a\u6240\u6307\u7269\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6240\u6307\u7269 \u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff08\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\uff09\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8c61\u6267\u884c\u8bed\uff08performatives\uff09\u8fd9\u7c7b\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8bed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u8be5\u7279\u5b9a\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u72ec\u65ad\u6027\u7684\u8868\u73b0[22]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u201d\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u85cf\u8eab\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\u6240\u6307\u7269\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u3001\u672a\u52a0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u6548\u679c\u201d\uff08reality effect\uff09 \u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4ece\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u201d\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53c8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6b63\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u9002 \u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u8482\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u5176\u5b83\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u5077\u5077\u5730\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7f9e\u7b54\u7b54\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u4f9d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u8d4b\u4e88\u73b0\u5b9e\u4ee5\u610f \u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u968f\u65f6\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u8be5\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\uff1a\u67d0\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65ad\u8a00\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u67d0\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u65e0\u4e0a\u6743\u5a01\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u90fd\u88ab\u73b0\u5b9e\u6548\u679c\u5f15\u5bfc\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u8bb0\u4f53\uff0c\u7eaa\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u6d88\u9063\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u53e4\u7269\u9648\u5217\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6444\u5f71\u827a\u672f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684[23]\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5723\u9aa8\u5323\uff1b\u9664\u4e86\u5b83\u4e0e\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4f46\u53c8\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4ef6\u5df2\u6b7b\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u5207\u795e\u5723\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d1e\u8bc6\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4eb5\u6e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5723\u9aa8\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6467\u6bc1\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u201d[24]\uff0c\u5f53\u5386\u53f2\u8981\u6c42\u98a0\u8986\u6587\u660e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 \u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u628a\u6240\u6307\u7269\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6240\u6307\u7269\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u9648\u8ff0\u5206\u5272\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u76db\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u66fe\u4f01\u56fe\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u2014\u2014\u628a\u4e8b\u5b9e \u7684\u201c\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684\u201d\u53d9\u8ff0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6700\u597d\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u800c\u628a\u53d9\u8ff0\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u662f\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u00b7\u68af\u57c3\u96f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u53d9 \u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u7cbe\u81f4\u548c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u201d[25]\u7684 \u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u201d\u3002\u6096\u8bba\u7ed5\u4e86\u4e00\u5708\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u539f\u4f4d\uff1a\u53d9\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5728\u865a\u6784\u6587\u5b66\uff08\u7ecf\u7531\u795e\u8bdd\u548c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\uff09\u7684\u4e25\u9177\u8003\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u65e2\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8bb0 \u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u5931\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ea\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b66\u6d3e\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\uff1b\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ee3 \u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u672c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u4ea1\uff1a\u4ece\u4eca\u4ee5\u540e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bd5\u91d1\u77f3\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff08intelligbility\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif\" alt=\"\" style=\"aspect-ratio:60;width:600px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1]\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81eaM.\u96f7\u6069\uff08\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c1970\u5e74\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2]\u4e0e\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8be1\u8fa9\u5b66\u6d3e\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3]&nbsp;\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8bb0\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u8a00\u6807\u5fd7\uff08\u80fd\u6307\uff09\u4e0e\u88ab\u6807\u5fd7\u8005\uff08\u6240\u6307\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u610f\u6307\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4]&nbsp;\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3\uff08J.B.Bossuet\uff0c1627\u20141704\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u5bab\u5ef7\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[5]&nbsp;\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\uff08J.Michelet\uff0c1798\u20141874\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u845717\u5377\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[6]&nbsp;R.\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\uff1a\u300a\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c9\u96c6\uff0c\u5b50\u591c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c1963\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[7]&nbsp;\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5982\u65f6\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u6708\u3001\u5e74\u3001\u4e16\u7eaa\u2026\u2026\u7b49\uff09\u6784\u6210\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[8]&nbsp;\u6b64\u8bcd\u6765\u81ea\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u6362\u97f3\u9020\u8bcd\u6cd5\u201d\uff08anagram\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u3002J.\u514b\u8389\u601d\u8482\u5a03\u5728\u201c\u5df4\u8d6b\u4e01\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\uff08\u8f7d\u300a\u6279\u8bc4\u300b\u6742\u5fd71967\u5e744\u6708\u53f7\uff09\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u90a3\u79cd\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u67d0\u4e00\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u672c\u6587\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u6587\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[9]&nbsp;\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u7aef\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u9ed8\u8bed\u7684\u88c2\u9699\uff08breaches of silence\uff09\u4e5f\u7f16\u7ec7\u5165\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7aed\u529b\u62b5\u5236\u5931\u8bed\u75c7\uff08aphasia\uff09\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5931\u8bed\u75c7\u201d\u7cfb\u6307\u60a3\u8005\u4e27\u5931\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u9690\u55bb\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0e\u6362\u55bb\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4e27\u5931\u9009\u62e9\u66ff\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u8bcd\u8bed\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u66fe\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[10]&nbsp;\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u52a8\u7b14\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u626a\u5fc3\u81ea\u7701\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u5229\u5df1\u4e4b\u7231\u4e0e\u6beb\u4e0d\u5bb9\u60c5\u4e4b\u6068\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e8b\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8f7d\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c1842\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[11]&nbsp;\u5fb7\u5e93\u6717\u60f9\uff08Fustel de Coulanges\uff0c1830\u20141889\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u548c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53f2\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[12]&nbsp;\u8272\u8bfa\u82ac\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d435\u2014\u524d354\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u66fe\u968f\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u81f3\u6ce2\u65af\uff0c\u4e8e\u5e93\u7eb3\u8428\u6218\u8d25\u65f6\u7387\u6b8b\u5175\u4e07\u4eba\u9003\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u5c06\u7ecf\u5386\u8bb0\u4e8e\u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[13]&nbsp;\u7ec4 \u5408\u6bb5\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6307\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u8bcd\u9879\u4f9d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6784\u53e5\u89c4\u5219\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u90bb\u63a5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7ec4\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ec4\u5408\u6bb5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408 \u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u96b6\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u5408\u6bb5\u201d\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u6307\u6325\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u7c7b\u4e8e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ec4\u5408\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5404\u8bcd\u9879\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[14]&nbsp;\u53c2\u89c1E.\u83b1\u8499\u5730\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u3002\u7c73\u5170\uff0c1966\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[15]&nbsp;\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u5e74\u9752\u7684\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u548c\u667a\u6167\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u68a6\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u5ac9\u5992\u5fc3\u5f3a\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u4eec\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5974\u96b6\u7ed9\u5356\u6389\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4eba\u5fe0\u8bda\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u503c\u5f97\u76db\u8d5e\u7684\u8d1e\u6d01\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u8eab\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5165\u72f1\u800c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08\u8f7d\u9c8d\u57c3\u7eea\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[16]&nbsp;L.\u827e\u745e\u52a0\u96f7\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1967\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c84\u201498\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[17]&nbsp;\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6545\u4e8b\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u901a\u8baf\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1966\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[18]&nbsp;\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u4e16\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c3\u5377\u7b2c5\u518c\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5206\u6563\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4e3a\u8fbe\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u7b56\u662f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u56e0\u800c\u541b\u4e3b\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5965\u52c3\u96f7\u6b27\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[19]&nbsp;\u4fc4\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u95f4\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[20]&nbsp;\u68af\u57c3\u96f7\uff08J.N.A.Thierry\uff0c1795\u20141856\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5021\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[21]&nbsp;\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u7684\uff08\u53ef\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80fd\u6307\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u201c\u6240\u6307\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[22]&nbsp;\u8fd9\u79cd\u628a\u6307\u5411\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u7684\u5929\u771f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u68af\u57c3\u96f7\u4e00\u7c7b\u6ce8\u91cd\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u660e\u663e\u3002\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u5c5e\u5b9e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u672c\u6765\u6240\u662f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u201d\uff08\u5f15\u81eaC.\u5409\u91cc\u5b89\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[23]&nbsp;\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u5f62\u8c61\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u901a\u8baf\u300b\uff0c1964\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[24]&nbsp;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u57281967\u5e741\u6708\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u4eb5\u6e0e\u5b54\u5e99\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u98a0\u8986\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5c31\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u6587\u660e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7834\u574f\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6587\u660e\u8d2b\u4e4f\u5316\u7684\u522b\u79f0\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[25]&nbsp;\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u53ef\u6000\u7591\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u53ef\u4fe1\u4e3a\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u8a00\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08A.\u68af\u6797\uff1a\u300a\u7d22\u7f57\u7ef4\u6069\u671d\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c1851\u5e74\u7b2c2\u5377\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed [1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373 \u8bdd\u8bed \uff0c discourse \uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a [2] \u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00 \u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed[1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0cdiscourse\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a[2]\u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c \u4e00\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u8de8\u5165\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u95e8\u574e\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66[3]\uff08semiology\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53bb\u63a2\u6c42\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u6001\uff08discourse-genres\uff09 \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u628a\u8bd7\u7684\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u628a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u603b\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53d9\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf \u4e2d\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u5219\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53f2\u8bd7\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u620f\u5267\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5 \u533a\u522b\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\uff08languagye-act\uff09\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u540d\u5bb6\u5982\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u3001\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3[4]\u548c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1[5]\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6240\u505a\u7684\u975e\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u7edd\u975e\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\uff09\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e00\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002 \uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5199\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\uff08\u6216\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff09\u53bb\u8c08\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c61\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8f6c\u5165\u548c\u8f6c\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\uff08sui-referential\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed[6]\uff08shifters\uff09\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f \u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08monitorial mode\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff09\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\uff08evidential category\uff09\uff1b \u5b83\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\u663e\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6599 \u6765\u6e90\u548c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f15\u8bc1\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8be5\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u2014\u2014\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc3\u5b89\u7406\u5f97\u5730\u9ed8\u9ed8\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u8d44 \u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8d44\u6599\uff1b\u56e0\u800c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5bb6\u2014\u2014 \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u5171\u540c\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u8c61\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u95fb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u636e\u5b9e\u800c\u8a00\u201d\u7b49\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8c08\u8ff0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u5ba1\u6838\u201d\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\uff081830\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u767d\u5730\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89e3\u8bf4\u6027\u624b\u6cd5\u91cc\uff08\u5c5e\u4e8e\u865a\u6784\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002 \u7b2c \u4e8c\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u636e\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u53d9\u8ff0\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u5176\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8def\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u80fd \u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8bf8\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u53ef\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f6e\u6362\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8bed\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08voici\uff09\u548c\u90a3\u91cc\uff08voila\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u9762\uff08narrative dimension\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08\u201c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5012\u9000\uff08\u201c\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u201daltius repelere\uff0c\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u590d\u201d\uff0creplicare de pi\u00f9alto luogo\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u539f\uff08\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2026\u2026\u201dma ritornando all\u2019ordine nosfro, dico come\u2026\u2026\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\uff08\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u53ef\u518d\u8bf4\u4e86\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\uff08organization-shifter\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236[7]\u4e0e \u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u5173\u79cd \u79cd\u52a0\u901f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u53f2\u4e66\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u7684\u300a\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6587 \u5b57\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u7f13\u6162\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff08isochronic\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5173\u8bed\u5f0f\u201d\uff08paragrammatism\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[8]\u8981 \u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u7167\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5f53 \u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5934\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e16\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u51fa\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c8\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279 \u5f81\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u5300\u65f6\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u6240\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u4e0e\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u662f\u76f8\u7b26 \u7684\u3002[9]\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d77\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u6027\u5f00\u7aef\uff08performative opening\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53f2\u8bd7\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u6211\u6b4c\u5531\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u7977\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u201c\u4ee5\u5168\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\uff0c\u8036\u5b89\uff0c\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u5723\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8f7b\u89c6\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u9996\u53e5\uff1b[10]\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u603b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u5f97\u591a\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\uff08metastatement\uff09 \u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5c55\u671b\u6027\u7684\uff08\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u7684\uff08\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u6240\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u524d \u8a00\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed \u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u201c\u53cd\u7b80\u5316\u201d\uff08de-simplify\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cdocument-time\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u7ebf\u8def\u201c\u53cd\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u5316\u201d\uff08dechrono-Icgize\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u6000\u65e7\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u662f\u590d\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u672c\u539f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Time\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bd7\u4eba\u6216\u5360\u535c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u63ed\u793a\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79cd\u79cd\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u6240\u4f2a\u88c5\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9884\u65ad\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8c61\u8bf4\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u5c42\u65f6\u95f4\uff08two-layered Time\uff09\u6765\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u4e0e\u62a5\u9053\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7f16\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"page_builder":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yiwenxuanzai"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed-1968-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed [1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373 \u8bdd\u8bed \uff0c discourse \uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a [2] \u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00 \u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed[1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0cdiscourse\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a[2]\u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c \u4e00\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u8de8\u5165\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u95e8\u574e\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66[3]\uff08semiology\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53bb\u63a2\u6c42\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u6001\uff08discourse-genres\uff09 \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u628a\u8bd7\u7684\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u628a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u603b\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53d9\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf \u4e2d\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u5219\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53f2\u8bd7\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u620f\u5267\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5 \u533a\u522b\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\uff08languagye-act\uff09\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u540d\u5bb6\u5982\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u3001\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3[4]\u548c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1[5]\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6240\u505a\u7684\u975e\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u7edd\u975e\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\uff09\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e00\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002 \uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5199\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\uff08\u6216\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff09\u53bb\u8c08\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c61\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8f6c\u5165\u548c\u8f6c\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\uff08sui-referential\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed[6]\uff08shifters\uff09\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f \u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08monitorial mode\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff09\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\uff08evidential category\uff09\uff1b \u5b83\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\u663e\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6599 \u6765\u6e90\u548c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f15\u8bc1\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8be5\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u2014\u2014\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc3\u5b89\u7406\u5f97\u5730\u9ed8\u9ed8\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u8d44 \u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8d44\u6599\uff1b\u56e0\u800c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5bb6\u2014\u2014 \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u5171\u540c\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u8c61\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u95fb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u636e\u5b9e\u800c\u8a00\u201d\u7b49\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8c08\u8ff0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u5ba1\u6838\u201d\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\uff081830\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u767d\u5730\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89e3\u8bf4\u6027\u624b\u6cd5\u91cc\uff08\u5c5e\u4e8e\u865a\u6784\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002 \u7b2c \u4e8c\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u636e\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u53d9\u8ff0\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u5176\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8def\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u80fd \u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8bf8\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u53ef\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f6e\u6362\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8bed\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08voici\uff09\u548c\u90a3\u91cc\uff08voila\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u9762\uff08narrative dimension\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08\u201c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5012\u9000\uff08\u201c\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u201daltius repelere\uff0c\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u590d\u201d\uff0creplicare de pi\u00f9alto luogo\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u539f\uff08\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2026\u2026\u201dma ritornando all\u2019ordine nosfro, dico come\u2026\u2026\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\uff08\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u53ef\u518d\u8bf4\u4e86\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\uff08organization-shifter\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236[7]\u4e0e \u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u5173\u79cd \u79cd\u52a0\u901f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u53f2\u4e66\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u7684\u300a\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6587 \u5b57\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u7f13\u6162\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff08isochronic\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5173\u8bed\u5f0f\u201d\uff08paragrammatism\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[8]\u8981 \u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u7167\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5f53 \u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5934\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e16\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u51fa\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c8\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279 \u5f81\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u5300\u65f6\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u6240\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u4e0e\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u662f\u76f8\u7b26 \u7684\u3002[9]\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d77\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u6027\u5f00\u7aef\uff08performative opening\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53f2\u8bd7\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u6211\u6b4c\u5531\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u7977\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u201c\u4ee5\u5168\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\uff0c\u8036\u5b89\uff0c\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u5723\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8f7b\u89c6\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u9996\u53e5\uff1b[10]\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u603b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u5f97\u591a\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\uff08metastatement\uff09 \u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5c55\u671b\u6027\u7684\uff08\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u7684\uff08\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u6240\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u524d \u8a00\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed \u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u201c\u53cd\u7b80\u5316\u201d\uff08de-simplify\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cdocument-time\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u7ebf\u8def\u201c\u53cd\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u5316\u201d\uff08dechrono-Icgize\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u6000\u65e7\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u662f\u590d\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u672c\u539f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Time\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bd7\u4eba\u6216\u5360\u535c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u63ed\u793a\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79cd\u79cd\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u6240\u4f2a\u88c5\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9884\u65ad\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8c61\u8bf4\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u5c42\u65f6\u95f4\uff08two-layered Time\uff09\u6765\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u4e0e\u62a5\u9053\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7f16\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed-1968-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-01T17:04:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T18:30:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"team\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21\"},\"headline\":\"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-01T17:04:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T18:30:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":166,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/new\\\/UploadFile\\\/20061523518457.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u8bd1\u6587\u9009\u8f7d\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/new\\\/UploadFile\\\/20061523518457.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-01T17:04:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T18:30:01+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/new\\\/UploadFile\\\/20061523518457.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/new\\\/UploadFile\\\/20061523518457.gif\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21\",\"name\":\"team\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"team\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/author\\\/team\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed-1968-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","og_description":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed [1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373 \u8bdd\u8bed \uff0c discourse \uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a [2] \u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00 \u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed[1] \u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u5373\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0cdiscourse\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u5409\u4e9a[2]\u5230 \u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u4fee\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u79d1\u5b66\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c \u4e00\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u8de8\u5165\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u95e8\u574e\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66[3]\uff08semiology\uff09\u5f53\u524d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53bb\u63a2\u6c42\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u6001\uff08discourse-genres\uff09 \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u628a\u8bd7\u7684\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u628a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u603b\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53d9\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf \u4e2d\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u5219\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u53f2\u8bd7\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u620f\u5267\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5 \u533a\u522b\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\uff08languagye-act\uff09\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u540d\u5bb6\u5982\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u3001\u9c8d\u7eea\u57c3[4]\u548c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1[5]\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6240\u505a\u7684\u975e\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u7edd\u975e\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\uff09\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e00\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002 \uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5199\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\uff08\u6216\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff09\u53bb\u8c08\u53ca\u8868\u8fbe\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c61\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8f6c\u5165\u548c\u8f6c\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\uff08sui-referential\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed[6]\uff08shifters\uff09\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f \u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08monitorial mode\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff08\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff09\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\uff08evidential category\uff09\uff1b \u5b83\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u7c7b\u663e\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6599 \u6765\u6e90\u548c\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f15\u8bc1\u5176\u5b83\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8be5\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u2014\u2014\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc3\u5b89\u7406\u5f97\u5730\u9ed8\u9ed8\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u8d44 \u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8d44\u6599\uff1b\u56e0\u800c\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u79cd\u53f2\u5bb6\u2014\u2014 \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u5171\u540c\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u8c61\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u95fb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u636e\u5b9e\u800c\u8a00\u201d\u7b49\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8c08\u8ff0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u5ba1\u6838\u201d\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\uff081830\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u767d\u5730\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5ba1\u6838\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89e3\u8bf4\u6027\u624b\u6cd5\u91cc\uff08\u5c5e\u4e8e\u865a\u6784\u62a5\u9053\u8005\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002 \u7b2c \u4e8c\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u636e\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u53d9\u8ff0\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u5176\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8def\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u80fd \u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8bf8\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u53ef\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f6e\u6362\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8bed\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08voici\uff09\u548c\u90a3\u91cc\uff08voila\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u9762\uff08narrative dimension\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08\u201c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5012\u9000\uff08\u201c\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u201daltius repelere\uff0c\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u590d\u201d\uff0creplicare de pi\u00f9alto luogo\uff09\uff0c\u590d\u539f\uff08\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2026\u2026\u201dma ritornando all\u2019ordine nosfro, dico come\u2026\u2026\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\uff08\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u53ef\u518d\u8bf4\u4e86\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\uff08organization-shifter\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236[7]\u4e0e \u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u5173\u79cd \u79cd\u52a0\u901f\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u53f2\u4e66\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u7684\u300a\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6587 \u5b57\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u7f13\u6162\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff08isochronic\uff09\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5173\u8bed\u5f0f\u201d\uff08paragrammatism\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[8]\u8981 \u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u7167\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5f53 \u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5934\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e16\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u51fa\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53c8\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279 \u5f81\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u5300\u65f6\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u6240\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u4e0e\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u662f\u76f8\u7b26 \u7684\u3002[9]\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d77\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u6027\u5f00\u7aef\uff08performative opening\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff1b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53f2\u8bd7\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u6211\u6b4c\u5531\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u7977\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u201c\u4ee5\u5168\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\uff0c\u8036\u5b89\uff0c\u70ed\u4e07\u7ef4\u52d2\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u5723\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8f7b\u89c6\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u9996\u53e5\uff1b[10]\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u603b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u656c\u754f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u5f97\u591a\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\uff08metastatement\uff09 \u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5c55\u671b\u6027\u7684\uff08\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u7684\uff08\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u6240\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u524d \u8a00\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u5143\u9648\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u5176\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5b83\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed \u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u201c\u53cd\u7b80\u5316\u201d\uff08de-simplify\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u732e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cdocument-time\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u7ebf\u8def\u201c\u53cd\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u5316\u201d\uff08dechrono-Icgize\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u6000\u65e7\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u662f\u590d\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u672c\u539f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Time\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bd7\u4eba\u6216\u5360\u535c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u8bf4\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u63ed\u793a\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79cd\u79cd\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u6240\u4f2a\u88c5\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9884\u65ad\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8c61\u8bf4\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u5c42\u65f6\u95f4\uff08two-layered Time\uff09\u6765\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u4e0e\u62a5\u9053\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7f16\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed-1968-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/","og_site_name":"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","article_published_time":"2026-09-01T17:04:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T18:30:01+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"team","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/"},"author":{"name":"team","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#\/schema\/person\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21"},"headline":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","datePublished":"2026-09-01T17:04:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T18:30:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/"},"wordCount":166,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif","articleSection":["\u8bd1\u6587\u9009\u8f7d"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/","url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/","name":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif","datePublished":"2026-09-01T17:04:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T18:30:01+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#\/schema\/person\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/new\/UploadFile\/20061523518457.gif"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad-1968-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff081968\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#website","url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/","name":"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#\/schema\/person\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21","name":"team","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"team"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com"],"url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/author\/team\/"}]}},"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1437,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1435\/revisions\/1437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}