{"id":1471,"date":"2026-09-01T17:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T17:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/?p=1471"},"modified":"2026-09-03T18:28:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T18:28:03","slug":"%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quote-style wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6587\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14<\/strong><strong>[1]<\/strong><strong>\uff081977\u5e74\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a \u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8bf8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5199\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u968f\u7b14\u6587 \u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u542b\u6df7\u7684\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u5404\u884c\u5176\u9053\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u65e0\u6743\u5229\u6765\u4ee3\u8868 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5728\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u521a\u521a\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u5c31\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u827a\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u201c\u592a\u51ef\u5c14\u201d\uff08Tel Quel\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u6216\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8e \u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u548c\u9769\u65b0\u6027\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5927\u53a6\u91cc\u6240\u63a5\u5f85\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u614e\u91cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u9047\u5230\u7406\u667a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1 \u65f6\u603b\u8981\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u8c08\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6b22\u8fce\u6211\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u6211\u6765\u5230\u8fd9 \u91cc\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u611f\u5230\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8363\u8a89\u53ef\u80fd\u540d\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u5feb\u4e50\u5219\u5fc5\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u53c8\u5fc6\u8d77\u6216\u9047\u5230\u6211\u6240\u70ed\u7231\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf \u4efb\u6559\u8fc7\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eec\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u60f3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6211\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5168\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5199\u4f5c\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5b66 \u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u8ba9\u00b7\u5df4\u9c81\u5409\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u74e6\u83b1\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95f4\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u542c\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u518d\u665a\u4e9b\u7684\u662f\u6469\u91cc \u65af\u00b7\u6885\u7f57\uff0d\u5e9e\u8482\u548c\u827e\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u672c\u7ef4\u5c3c\u65af\u7279\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5192\u6627\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u51fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u601d \u60f3\u4e0e\u611f\u6fc0\u90fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5411\u6559\u6388\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u7531\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e00\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\uff08hors pouvoir\uff09 \u7684\u5b66\u5e9c\u65f6\u6240\u611f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f6e\u5230\u6211\u6765\u5bf9\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8363\u8a89\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u800c \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b83\u5e72\u8106\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e4b\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u52a1\uff1b\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u58f0\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u63a8 \u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u751a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7279\u6743\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u5df2\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u9769\u547d\u613f\u671b\u7684\u53cc \u91cd\u538b\u529b\u800c\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\u53bb\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9053\u7406\u4e0a\u8bf4\u53ef\u514d\u9664\u6743\u52bf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6743\u52bf\uff08\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u5229\u5fc5\u591a\uff09\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u8bdd\u8bed\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u6743\u52bf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u5904\u65f6\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8d8a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u548c\u6309\u7167\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bdd\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u652b\u53d6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u5f00\u521b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u65f6\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4f46\u575a\u6301\u7740\u8981\u53bb\u95ee\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u628a\u6743\u52bf\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684 \u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u90a3\u7c7b\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u672a\u66fe\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u6765\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6e17\u5165\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c \u6743\u52bf\u8c61\u9b54\u9b3c\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u519b\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5404\u79cd \u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u538b\u8feb\u96c6\u56e2\u6216\u538b\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u201d\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u9890\u6307\u6c14\u4f7f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6743\u52bf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe \u5de7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5728\u65f6\u88c5\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6f14\u51fa\u3001\u6e38\u4e50\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u6297\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u51b2\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u628a\u6240 \u6709\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u90fd\u79f0\u4f5c\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u4e43\u81f3\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53cd\u6297\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6218\u6597\u5374 \u5728\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u53cd\u6297\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6743\u52bf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u591a \u91cd\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b83\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6c38\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u6216\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u522b\u5904\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u706d\u5b83\u800c\u53bb\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a \u6b7b\u7070\u590d\u71c3\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u5ef6\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66 \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u957f\u5b58\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u5bc4\u5bd3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u518d\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff08la langue\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bed\u8a00\uff08langage\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u89c4\uff08code\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u65e2 \u610f\u5473\u7740\u5206\u914d\u53c8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u8bed\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u53bb\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u6309\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4e3e\u660e\u663e\u7684 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u6240\u662f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u9634\u6027\u4e0e\u9633\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c \u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u7981\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7tu\uff08\u4f60\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7vous\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff08parler\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u4e9b\u8bf4\u53d1\u51fa\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08discourir\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u8c61\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u53bb\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c48\u670d\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u652f\u914d\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211 \u60f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u548c\u5148\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4ece\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8bed \u4e3a\u5176\u53d1\u97f3\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u96f7\u5357\u800c\u8a00\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u4e45\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u632f\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u540e\u8005\u4e4b \u4e2d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u79cd\u8a00\u5916\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e0a\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u6267\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u6297\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5176\u53d1\u8bdd\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u201d\uff08esp\u00e9ce\uff09\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u662f\u7531\u7406\u6027\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bdd \u4e00\u65e6\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u8981\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u5b9a \u6027\uff1a\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u6000\u7591\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u5224\u65ad\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u60c5\u6001\u8303\u7574\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a \u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4f01\u56fe\u5f31\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u529b\u91cf\uff08pouvoir de constatation\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3001\u5408\u7fa4\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e2d\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u578b\u5f0f\uff08st\u00e9reo type\uff09\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u96c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u95f2\u8361\u7740\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u90fd\u5728\u6211\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4e8e\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u5974\u4ec6\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b89\u7136\u5730\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u6240\u5974\u5f79\uff1b\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u9a73\u7740\u6211\u6240\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46 \u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u6743\u52bf\u5fc5\u7136\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u9003\u907f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u5c48\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b \u5916\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u65c1\u542c\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6c42\u8bf8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u6765\u8d8a\u51fa\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\uff0c\u8c61\u514b\u5c14\u51ef\u6208\u5c14\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9 \u7f55\u7684\u796d\u732e\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u5947\u7279\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u53cd\u6297\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u3002\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u201c\u963f\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8c61 \u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bed\u8a00\u5974\u5f79\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5fb7\u9c81\u5179\u6240\u8bf4\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u9707\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e2\u975e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9a91\u58eb\u53c8\u975e\u8d85\u4eba\u7684\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f \uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u548c\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eb2\u8eb2\u95ea\u95ea\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00 \u6c38\u4e45\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u707f\u70c2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u613f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff08trichevie\uff09\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u628a\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6216\u4e00\u5957\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ea4\u5f80\u6216\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8e2a\u8ff9\uff08traces d\u2019une pratique\uff09\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5b57\u5f62\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u6211\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u672c\u6587\uff08texte\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u7684\u7ec7\u4f53\uff08tissu des signifiants\uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5916\u663e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6297\u62d2\u548c\u4f7f\u672c\u8eab\u504f\u79bb\u6b63\u8f68\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u5176\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u5176\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a \u6240\u7684\u5b57\u8bcd\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u522b\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u6216\u672c\u6587\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u773c\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u529b\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5112\u96c5\u98ce\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u627f\u8bfa\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6bd5\u7adf\u53ea\u662f \u4f17\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6309\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u585e\u6797\u4e0e\u96e8\u679c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f2f\u4ef2\uff0c\u590f\u591a\u5e03\u91cc\u6602\u4e0e\u5de6\u62c9\u65d7\u9f13\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u6307 \u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5173\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u5f62\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u76f4\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf \u4e4b\u4e2d\u6211\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5373Math\u00e9sis\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u3001\uff2dim\u00e9sis\uff08\u6a21\u4eff\uff09\u3001Semiosis\uff08\u8bb0\u53f7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587 \u5b66\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u8c61\u300a\u9c81\u6ee8\u900a\u98d8\u6d41\u8bb0\u300b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff08\u9c81\u6ee8\u900a\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u5411\u6587\u5316\u8fc7 \u6e21\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u91ce\u86ee\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8fc7\u6fc0\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5b66\u79d1\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u4ee5\u5916\u90fd\u4ece\u6559\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u552f\u4e00\u5e78\u514d\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u5b66 \u79d1\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6587\u5b66\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5b83\u65ad\u7136\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u95ea\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u8eab\u8fd9\u79cd\u771f\u6b63 \u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u672a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53c8\u672a\u4f7f\u5176\u5076\u50cf\u5316\uff1b\u5b83\u8d4b\u4e88\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\u6b63\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u73cd\u8d35\u6027\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4e00 \u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u672a\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff09\uff1a\u6587\u5b66\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u95f4\u9699\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8c61\u662f\u6ce2\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u77f3 \u5934\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u767d\u65e5\u7684\u50a8\u79ef\u7528\u4f5c\u665a\u95f4\u7684\u7167\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8fd9\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5149\u4eae\u6765\u4e3a\u6b21\u65e5\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u6765\u7167\u660e\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u6982\u7565\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5374\u662f\u7cbe\u5fae\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6b63\u5728\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b \u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u6240\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e2\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\u53c8\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u8bf4\u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u5173\u4eba \u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5b83\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6df7\u56e4\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7247\u6df7\u56e4\u65bd\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u7247\u6df7\u56e4 \u53c8\u5bf9\u4eba\u65bd\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u9887\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u6240\u82e6\uff0c\u5c31\u5e7b\u60f3\u548c\u4f01\u56fe\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u96f6\u5ea6\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u8981 \u4f7f\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u884c\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f7f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f16\u5165\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u7a77\u81ea\u53cd\u6027\u7684\u9f7f\u8f6e\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7740\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6240\u6839\u636e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f \u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4eca \u65e5\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u9887\u6709\u89c1\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6709 \u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u795e\u8bdd\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u5374\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u771f\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5e7b\u60f3\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u3001\u771f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4 \u7684\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6309\u7167\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08\u6216\u6309\u7167\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u00e9nonc\u00e9\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5b83\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u00e9nonceation\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e00\u822c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u4e43\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u8005\u4e0d\u5728\uff08absence\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6b20\u7f3a\uff08manque\uff0c \u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5728\uff09\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5b83\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u7531\u542b\u4e49\u3001\u6548\u679c\u3001\u56de\u54cd\u3001\u66f2\u6298\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u3001\u5206\u9636\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5149\u6655\u3002\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u88ab\u7406 \u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u65e2\u575a\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u53c8\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u4f20\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u719f\u6089\u6027\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u8bc6\u53c8\u88ab\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u865a\u5e7b\u5730\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b57\u8bcd\u662f\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6295\u5c04\u3001\u7206 \u53d1\u3001\u9707\u52a8\u3001\u673a\u4ef6\u3001\u8da3\u5473\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u3002\u5199\u4f5c\u4f7f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6b22\u5a31\uff08f\u00eate\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u8bf4\u5e76\u975e\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5212\u5206\u8bba\uff1b\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4e2d\u5b57\u8bcd\u9976\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u7684\u6587\u672c\u91cc\uff08\u5728\u6cd5\u6587\u4e2d\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u201dsavoir\u4e0e\u201c\u8da3\u5473\u201dsaveur\u5b57 \u6e90\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u3002\u514b\u5c14\u519c\u65af\u57fa\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u70f9\u8c03\u4e2d\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5473\u9053\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u8981\u60f3\u5982\u5176\u6240\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5206\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u8bcd\u4e4b\u5999\u8da3\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5b57\u8bcd\u7684\u8da3\u5473 \u6027\u624d\u4f7f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6df1\u523b\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u8981\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u90fd\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u8fd8\u662f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u5f53\u4e00\u4f4d\u5386\u53f2\u5bb6\u5728\u6539\u53d8 \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5199\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587 \u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5373\u5b83\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u529b\u3002\u4ece\u53e4\u4ee3\u76f4\u5230\u5148\u950b\u6d3e\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u90fd\u4e0e\u518d\u73b0\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u7269\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0d \u65ad\u60f3\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u518d\u73b0\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u6307\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6309\u7167\u62c9\u5eb7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u6349\u7684\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u7528\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\uff09\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u4e00\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5e76\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u53d7\u5176\u62d8\u675f\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6216\u8bb8\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u6837\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7eb7\u6270\u4e0d\u7edd\u7684\u4eba \u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u6743\u5b9c\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u624b\u6bb5\u53bb\u51cf\u5f31\u3001\u5236\u670d\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u6216\u53cd\u4e4b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f \u8c35\u8a00\u5984\u8bed\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5373\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u3002\u6211\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u624d\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5374\u8981\u8bf4\u6587\u5b66\u4e0d \u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u5730\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\u662f\u6309\u5176\u4e60\u5e38\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587 \u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u9002\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0a\u75c5\u8086\u8650\u6700\u751a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u4ece\u9a6c\u62c9\u7f8e\u5f00\u59cb \u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff09\u5b83\u7684\u786e\u5207\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u3002 \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u201d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u8c61\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e00\u6837\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u628a\u5404\u79cd\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e32\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u800c\u4e0d\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u6765\u7684 \u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u522b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u89c2\uff0c\u5373\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u89c2\u3002\u9a6c\u62c9\u7f8e\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6539\u53d8\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u4e0e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ffd\u968f\u8fc7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ecd\u5728\u8ffd\u968f\u9a6c\u62c9\u7f8e\u7684\u4eba \u4ece\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531 \u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8d23\u5907\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u8d23\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u5199\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11 \u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u90e8\uff08\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff09\u7528\u82e5\u5e72\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u5b57\u6e90\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u5f3a\u884c\u63a8\u5e7f\u6cd5 \u8bed\u7edf\u4e00\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6cd5\u8bed\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u6211\u5c06\u9f13\u52b1\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u79cd\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u4e01\u66fe\u5341\u5206\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bed \u8a00\u6765\u5199\u300a\u65b0\u751f\u300b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u6258\u65af\u5361\u7eb3\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u6c11\u95f4\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u65e2\u975e\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u7531\u4e5f\u975e\u51fa\u4e8e\u8bba\u6218\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd \u8bed\u8a00\u4e8e\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u53ef\u6309\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u81ea\u7531\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d6\u7528\u7684\u50a8\u5907\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53e4\u5178\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u8bed\u6216\u4e66\u5199\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e0e\u53e3\u5934\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684 \u60c5\u5f62\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u5e94\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u5458\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5962\u4f88\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6b32\u671b\u5c31\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u8fd8\u672a\u6253\u7b97\u627f\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u7740 \u591a\u79cd\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4e0d\u538b\u5236\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u6beb\u65e0\u5185\u759a\u548c\u538b\u6291\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u638c\u63e1\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u51ed\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u55dc\u597d\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u7167\u6cd5\u5219\u53bb\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u90a3\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53 \u7136\uff0c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5e76\u672a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6446\u8131\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u5f25\u8865\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6b63\u8c61\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u5355\u67aa \u5339\u9a6c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5176\u91cd\u65b0\u541e\u6ca1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u5185\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u88c5\u7684\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5f3a\u52a0 \u4e8e\u4ed6\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u522b\u65e0\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6216\u8005\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u8005\u56fa\u6267\u5df1\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e24\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56fa\u6267\u610f \u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u6297\u62d2\u7740\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u5ef6\u5b58\u800c\u8d85\u8d8a\u7740\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a \u8870\u4ea1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff08\u6211\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u547c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09\u5e94\u5f53\u7980\u8d4b\u76d1\u7763\u8005\u7684\u987d\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u5b83\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u5904\uff0c \u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u7406\u7684\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u8f7b\u6d6e\u7684\uff08\u8f7b\u6d6e\u662f\u201c\u5993\u5973\u201d \u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u5b57\u6e90\u5b66\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u7b49\u5f85\u5728\u4e09\u6761\u8def\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u53e3\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u56fa\u6267\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u987e\u4e00\u5207\u5730\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u56fa\u6267\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5199\u4f5c\u88ab\u5f15\u5411\u8f6c \u79fb\u4e4b\u9014\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u652b\u53d6\u4e86\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u4eab\u4e50\uff0c\u6b63\u8c61\u5b83\u652b\u53d6\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u5207\u4eab\u4e50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5bf9\u5176\u64cd\u7eb5\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u53d8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u5408\u7fa4\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u5982\u6743\u52bf\u652b\u53d6\u4e86\u7231\u60c5\u4eab\u4e50\u7684\u4f20\u627f \u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u6218\u58eb\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u8d70\u5230\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u79bb\u5f03\u4f60\u6240\u5199\u7684\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u79bb\u5f03\u4f60\u6240\u60f3\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u5408\u7fa4\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u548c\u5f79\u4f7f\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002\u5e15\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u88ab\u5f15\u5411\u201c\u79bb\u5f03\u201d(abjurer\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u9996\u521b\u7684\u8bcd\uff09\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u751f\u547d\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u5f71\u7247\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5ba3\u79f0\u6743\u52bf\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u9057\u61be\u81ea\u5df1\u66fe\u5199\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6b7b\u540e\u624d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8bf4\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u5bb3\u6015\u6743\u52bf\u548c\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u517c\u5e76\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6211\u884c\u6211\u7d20\uff0c\u597d\u8c61\u8fd9\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f3c\u7684\u2026\u2026\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u60f3\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u6743\u52bf\u5229\u7528\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u548c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u79bb\u5f03\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b80 \u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fa\u6267\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u90fd\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u65e0\u987b\u60ca\u5947\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff08\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9003\u907f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u548c\u5974\u6027\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 \u67d0\u79cd\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u6211\u4e3e\u51fa\u514b\u5c14\u51ef\u6208\u5c14\u548c\u5c3c\u91c7\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6765\u8868\u660e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4f4d\u90fd\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u6587 \u5b57\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u90fd\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u5730\u73a9\u5f04\u7740\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u5047\u540d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u4ed6\u5199\u4f5c\u751f\u6daf\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u514b\u7f57\u7d22\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u7684 \u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u73a9\u5f04\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u8bb0\u53f7\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u673a\u5668\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5236\u52a8\u5668\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6813\u90fd\u88ab\u53bb\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31 \u662f\u5728\u5974\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u540c\u5f62\u5f02\u8d28\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u9762\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996 \u5148\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u590d\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff08\u5373\u5386\u53f2\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff09\u4e2d\u8d77\u4f0f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u4e3e\u51fa\u795e\u5b66\u7684 \u4ea4\u6613\u503c\u5347\u964d\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\uff1b\u4eca\u65e5\u795e\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b83\u662f\u5217\u4e8e\u4e03\u827a\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9886\u5148\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6216\u8bb8\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u632b\u6298\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u6709\u5173\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u8870\u4ea1\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u4ece\u795e\u5b66\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u751a\u591a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b32\u671b\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u66f4\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211 \u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f5c\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u6709\u5173\u4e00\u5207\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u8c61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u975e\u65e0 \u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u53d7\u7740\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u8d8b\u5411\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u8c61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u6b63\u5438\u6536\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8fdc\u79bb \u5176\u6700\u521d\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4eca\u65e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff09\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7167\u672c\u7ef4\u5c3c\u65af\u7279\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00 \u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8282\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9965\u6e34\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7626\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u80d6\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31 \u79f0\u4f5c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u6084\u6084\u5730\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u4e86\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u52a0\u63d0\u9192\u5730\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u8bdd\u8bed\u56de\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6211\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4eca\u65e5\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff08pertinence\uff09 \u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u672a\u52a0\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6cbf\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u6743\u52bf\u8f74\u5728\u6ed1\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u6700\u521d\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u65f6\uff08\u5373\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5bf9\u7acb\u8303\u7574\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709 \u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6709\u52c7\u6c14\u6765\u521b\u7acb\u95e8\u6237\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bdd\u8bed\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u901a\u8baf\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u74e6\u5f53 \u548c\u6d1b\u60f9\u628a\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u96f7\u5e0c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c0f\u86e4\u87c6\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u4f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5b58\u4e8e\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f96\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u97f3\u7d20\u3001\u5b57\u8bcd\u548c\u53e5\u5b50 \u8fde\u7ed3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u7ec4\u5408\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u9650\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u538b\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u538b\u6291\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u4fee\u8bcd\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u548c\u6a21 \u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u662f\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u6d41\u5165\u4e86\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u53c8\u56de\u6d41\u5165\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e89\u76f8\u5c45\u4e0a\u6709\u5982\u73a9\u8fed\u624b\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u53ea\u6709 \u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u8981\u201c\u79bb\u5f03\u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u91cd\u542c\u65e5\u751a\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0 \u97f3\uff0c\u5373\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5708\u5957\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u62b9\u6d88\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ee5\u4f7f\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u5730\u7eaf\u51c0\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u5982 \u7279\u91cc\u9a6c\u5c14\u5176\u8bfa\u5243\u5149\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u7eaf\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5f03\u800c\u4e0d\u987e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53d8\u5f62\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b32 \u671b\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u5a01\u5413\u3001\u6e29\u60c5\u3001\u6297\u8bae\u3001\u501f\u53e3\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u6210\u73b0\u884c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8c31\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211 \u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u672a\u514d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u7f04\u53e3\u65e0\u8a00\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76f8\u5f53\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u5df2\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u8bb0\u53f7 \u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u3001\u534f\u4f1a\u91cc\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91cc\u90fd\u6b63\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982 \u8bf4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5386\u9669\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u57281954\u5e74 \u524d\u540e\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u793e\u4f1a\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8428\u7279\u3001\u5e03\u83b1\u5e0c\u7279\u548c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u672c\u6765\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6784\u60f3\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u578b \u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u53c8\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u81ea\u6211\u6b3a\u7792\u548c\u6807\u5fd7\u4e00 \u822c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5e03\u83b1\u5e0c\u7279\u628a\u540e\u8005\u653b\u51fb\u4e3a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u201d\u3002\u7531\u6743\u52bf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u521d\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8e\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e86\u5730\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u8272\u5f69\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u53ea\u662f\u75311968\u5e745\u6708 \u7684\u201c\u65ad\u88c2\u201d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5e76\u4ecd\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bba\u4e89\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bdd\u8bed\u8303\u7574\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f \u5206\u5316\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u4e00\u7247\u6c34\u6d3c\u56db\u5904\u6d41\u6ea2\u4f3c\u5730\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u56e2\u4f53\u90fd\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u538b\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5b9a\u51fa\u57fa\u8c03\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb \u56e2\u4f53\u90fd\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u70ed\u60c5\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u9ad8\u5174\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u9053\u5fb7\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u8c03\u4e5f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5904\u770b\u5230\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u7684\u89e3 \u653e\uff0c\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4ee5\u6743\u52bf\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5174\u9ad8\u91c7\u70c8\u5730\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u88ab\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\u53c8\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6240\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u672c\u6587\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u975e\u6743\u52bf\u5316\uff08depouvoir\uff09\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u672c\u6587\u81ea\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u65e0\u9650\u9003\u907f\u5408\u7fa4\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\uff08\u90a3\u4e9b\u805a\u5408\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\uff09\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u8a00\u8bed\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6c38\u8fdc\u5ef6\u6401\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u5f71\u7684 \u8fd0\u52a8\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f01\u56fe\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5ef6\u6401\u5230\u4e86\u522b\u5904\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u88ab\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u578b\u5f0f\u6cd5 \u5219\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u79cd\u53bb\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u79cd\u7c7b\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u6cd5\u5219\u2026\u2026\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8f7b\u5fae\u5730\u3001\u6682\u65f6\u5730\u63ed\u6389\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u6c89\u6c89\u5730\u538b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u96c6\u4f53\u6027 \u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u3001\u975e\u2014\u533a\u522b\u6027\uff08in\u2014diff\u00e9rence\uff1b \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u660e\u786e\u5730\u4f7f\u5b57\u5934\u4e0e\u5b57\u6839\u5206\u5f00\uff09\u7684\u7f69\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5c31\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ea0\u6b63\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u56de\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6d78\u5165\u610f\u6307\u6027\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6700\u590d\u6742 \u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53bb\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5199\u4f5c\u662f\u7528\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8feb\u4f7f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u522b\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u907f\u514d\u72ec\u65ad\u6027\u3001\u907f\u514d\u201c\u6267\u7740\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u907f\u514d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027 \u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u76ee\u5149\u53c8\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u9760\u6765\u4f7f\u6587\u5b66\u6446\u8131\u5f00\u73af\u7ed5\u7740\u5b83\u3001\u538b\u8feb\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u5408\u7fa4\u6027\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31 \u662f\u7eaf\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\u5e94\u5f53\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\uff08\u6216\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u770b\u4f5c\uff09\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u6240\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u65e2\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u6bd5\u751f\u6216\u597d\u6216\u574f\u5730\u88ab\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6076\u9b54\u6405\u5f97\u7cbe\u75b2\u529b\u7aed\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7a7a\u865a\uff08vide\uff09\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\uff0c\u800c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u865a\u201d\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u6d1e\u201d\uff08creax\uff09 \u662f\u6b63\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff08\u6216\u8005\u6700\u597d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6709\u4e9b\u8a00\u4e4b\u8fc7\u91cd\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5982 \u4e0b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u8bb0\u53f7\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u5e72\u8106\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5b66\u5f0f\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u81f3\u5c11\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6559 \u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5143\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8d77\u521d\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u6784\u60f3\u5b83\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8bb0\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u78e8\u635f\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8150\u574f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u50f5\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c \u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4ef6\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u771f\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5143\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u7684\u4fdd\u6301\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u7528\u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8c08\u8bba\u8bb0\u53f7\u65f6\u53bb\u5047 \u5b9a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5947\u5f02\u76f8\u7b26\u6027\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u6211\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u659c\u89c6\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ae\u5f71\u620f\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u53cc\u624b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u5f71\u6295\u5c04\u6a21\u62df \u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5154\u5b50\u3001\u9e2d\u5b50\u548c\u72fc\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u4f01\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u5426\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u79cd\u4ece\u4e8b\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4ece \u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5143\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u91cf\u9f50\u89c2\u4e86\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u74e6\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u56e0\u800c\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u5e94\u5f53\u628a\u5143\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u5219\u5b58 \u4e8e\u522b\u5904\uff08\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u987a\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u771f\u6b63\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u6bc1\u574f\u5728\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b26 \u53f7\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u5973\u4ec6\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83 \u4eec\u5728\u65c5\u9014\u4e0a\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u89c4\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u89c4\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u5e94\u62df\u5b9a\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5145\u5206\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u53d9\u4e8b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2 \u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u3001\u672c\u6587\u6279\u8bc4\u3001\u91ca\u7ecf\u5b66\u3001\u8096\u50cf\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff09\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6784\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e00\u5e45\u886c\u683c\u603b\u56fe\u7eb8\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef \u88ab\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u63e1\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4f01\u56fe\u65f6\u65f6\u5904\u5904\u5f15\u51fa\u73b0\u5b9e\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u51fa\u73b0\u5b9e\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u65e0\u987b\u4efb\u4f55\u6784\u67b6\u6765\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00 \u79cd\u6784\u67b6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u5f15\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4ee3\u66ff\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e0d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u4e4b\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e00\u5207\u5b66 \u79d1\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd9\u628a\u6905\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6e\u6905\uff0c\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u767e\u642d\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8bb0\u53f7\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u767e\u642d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e8e\u50f5\u6b7b\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8bb0\u53f7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\uff08s\u00e9miophysis\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u5446\u6ede\u672c\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8bb0\u53f7\u5206\u88c2\u5b66\u201d\uff08s\u00e9mioclastie\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u5f62\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8bb0\u53f7\u8b6c\u55bb\u5b66\u201d\uff08s\u00e9miotropie\uff09\uff0c \u8fd9\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u671d\u5411\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8bb0\u53f7\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6a21\u4eff\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u547c\u4e0d\u542b\u8912 \u8d2c\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8bb0\u53f7\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u7684\u5708\u5957\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u73a9\u5f04\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6b64\u52a0\u4ee5\u73a9\u5473\u5e76\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u73a9\u5473\u548c\u9886\u609f\u5176\u5a9a\u529b\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u8bb0 \u53f7\uff09\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u67d0\u79cd\u76f4\u89c2\u5230\u7684\u660e\u8bc1\u6240\u8c03\u8282\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u60f3\u8c61\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6273\u673a\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff08\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6211\u518d\u91cd\u7533\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u89e3 \u91ca\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u6d82\u67d3\u800c\u4e0d\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u5b83\u653e\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u504f\u7231\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u6587\uff0c\u5982\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u3001\u8096\u50cf\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u65b9\u8a00\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u73a9\u5f04\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4f3c\u771f\u7684\u8868\u9762 \u6027\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u201d\u79f0\u4f5c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u628a\u8bb0\u53f7\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u5757\u5f69\u8272\u9762\u7eb1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u6784\u7269\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u73a9 \u5f04\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u60f3 \u8c61\u6027\u8bb0\u53f7\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eab\u4e50\u4eca\u65e5\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u6240\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5df2\u4e3a\u4e00 \u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u4e3a\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u5173\u4e00\u5207\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6258\u7ba1\u8005\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u4f53\u548c\u6d88\u6563\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u4e24\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6279\u4f59 \u5b58\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u901d\u53bb\u800c\u6fd2\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u578b\u4eba\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u77e5\u9053\uff08\u6216\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff09\u600e\u6837\u79f0\u547c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a\u662f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u4e66\u5199\u5bb6\uff1f\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8000\u6b66\u626c\u5a01\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1968\u5e745\u6708\u4e5f\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u9648\u65e7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u627f\u7ee7\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u795e\u5723\u5316\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u65e0\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6216\u5f3a\u884c\u628a\u5b83\u6811\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6587\u5b66\u5df2\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u770b\u5b88\u4e86\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8c61\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e00\u5904\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u4eba\u7ee7\u627f\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5929\u4f7f\u8fd8\u662f\u9b54\u9b3c\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u7ef4\u62a4 \u5b83\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u4e0d\u65e0\u4efb\u6027\u5730\u4ecd\u53ef\u843d\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u9648\u65e7\u800c\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6307\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u548c\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e2\u662f\u9893\u5e9f\u6027\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6027\u7684\u65f6 \u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u6709\u6700\u5927\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u56e0\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4e4b\u6545\u9664\u4e86\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4ee5\u5916\u4e0d\u518d\u671f\u5f85\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u7801\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u7740\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u6781\u529b\u963b\u788d\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u8bf4\u51fa\u7684 \u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u6784\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u9a6c\u62c9\u7f8e\u65e9\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd \u865a\u6784\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u7d27\u968f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u53cd\u601d\u7740\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u6bcf\u5e74\u5f53\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u6388\u8bfe\u548c\u7814\u7a76 \u73ed\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u201d\u4e00\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u800c\u975e\u5c06\u5176\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u8d4c\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u63a2\u6c42\uff08quaestio\uff09\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5f85\u8fa9\u9a73\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u53d8\u6210\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u501f\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u5b66\uff0c \u5c31\u5982\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u90a3\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u788d\u3001\u6446\u8131\u3001\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u524a\u5f31\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u6216\u6559 \u5b66\u65f6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6446\u8131\u6743\u52bf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u5272\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8bb2\u8bfe\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u79bb\u9898\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8d35\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8bcd\uff1a\u504f\u79bb\u4f5c\u7528\uff08excursion\uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u8046\u542c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u9887\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5988\u5988\u8eab\u8fb9\u73a9\u800d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u6765\u6765\u53bb\u53bb\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u8dd1\u5f00\u53c8\u8dd1\u56de\uff0c\u7ed9\u5988\u5988\u5e26\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u77f3\u5b50\u3001\u4e00\u6839\u7ed2\u7ef3\uff0c\u4e8e \u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u4e00\u5904\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63cf\u7ed8\u8d77\u6574\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u573a\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u573a\u5185\u77f3\u5b50\u3001\u7ed2\u7ef3\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6ee1\u6000\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u8d60\u4e88\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53 \u5b69\u5b50\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5c55\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u6765\u6765\u53bb\u53bb\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u548c\u518d\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u53bb\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u79cd \u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u60f3\u53ef\u5e74\u5e74\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u6fc0\u6012\uff0c\u5728\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u5e9c\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6562\u4e8e\u8c08\u8bba\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7b\u60f3\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5462\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u5fae\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b \u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u4e0e\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u662f\u6709\u5173\u5178 \u578b\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u60f3\u51fa\u53d1\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u91cd\u65b0\u6d3b\u7075\u6d3b\u73b0\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5de8\u578b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4ece\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u79d1 \u5b66\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8bf4\u51fa\u7684\u6216\u672a\u8bf4\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u6388\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u65c5\u7a0b\u65b9\u5411\u65f6\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u5c31\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u4ed6\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u957f\u7720\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u7236\u8f88\u7684\u5730 \u65b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u513f\u5b59\u624d\u6709\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u7740\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u513f\u5b59\u4e00\u8f88\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u91cd\u8bfb\u4e86\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u66fc\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u9b54\u5c71\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u63cf\u5199\u4e86\u6211\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u75c5\u2014\u2014\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u3002\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u6545\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff1b\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u57281942\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u5df2\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u6240\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7684\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u4e0e\u300a\u9b54\u5c71\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90fd\u8fdc\u79bb\u5f00\u6211\u7684\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u60ca\u9a87\u5730\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u60ca\u9a87\uff09\u5bdf\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0e\u300a\u9b54\u5c71\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u52a0\u65af\u6258\u666e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u4ee3\u30021907\u5e74\u65f6\u6211\u7684\u5c1a\u672a\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf20\u5c81 \u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u6c49\u65af\u8fdb\u5165\u5e76\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u201c\u5c71\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6bd4\u6211\u8001\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5fe7\u8651\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fe7\u8651\u662f\u4e16\u6001\u6ca7\u6851\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6613\u4e8e\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u751f \u5b58\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5fd8\u8bb0\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6295\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u540c\u9f84\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u540c\u9f84\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5468\u800c\u590d\u59cb\u5730\u518d \u751f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u6bd4\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u5e74\u8f7b\u3002\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\u662f\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u5c81\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u7684\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u7231\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6bd4\u4ed6\u5e74\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u7406\u7531\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\uff09\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u751f\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5904\u6240\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u65b0\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u63a5\u5f85\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4f01\u56fe\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5207\u73b0\u5b58\u751f\u547d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u5fd8\u5374\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u6388\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u6388\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u5230\u7684\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4f53\u9a8c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53bb\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5fd8\u5374\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u4eae\u4f46\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5176\u5b57\u6e90\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\u4e0a\u6beb\u65e0\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u60f3\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u5373\u662f\u201c\u8428\u76ae\u5b89\u63d0\u4e9a\u201d\uff08Sapientia\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6db5\u4e49\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6beb\u65e0\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u8da3\u5473\u3002\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff081977\u5e741\u67087\u65e5\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif\" alt=\"\" style=\"aspect-ratio:60;width:600px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/gb\/text\/barthes_lecture.htm#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea\u7f57\u5170\u00b7\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u6587\u7248\uff0c1978\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u8272\u4f0a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66 \u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6587\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14[1]\uff081977\u5e74\uff09 \u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a \u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8bf8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5199\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u968f\u7b14\u6587 \u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u542b\u6df7\u7684\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u5404\u884c\u5176\u9053\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u65e0\u6743\u5229\u6765\u4ee3\u8868 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5728\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u521a\u521a\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u5c31\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u827a\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u201c\u592a\u51ef\u5c14\u201d\uff08Tel Quel\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u6216\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002 \u4e8e \u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u548c\u9769\u65b0\u6027\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5927\u53a6\u91cc\u6240\u63a5\u5f85\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u614e\u91cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u9047\u5230\u7406\u667a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1 \u65f6\u603b\u8981\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u8c08\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6b22\u8fce\u6211\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u6211\u6765\u5230\u8fd9 \u91cc\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u611f\u5230\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8363\u8a89\u53ef\u80fd\u540d\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u5feb\u4e50\u5219\u5fc5\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u53c8\u5fc6\u8d77\u6216\u9047\u5230\u6211\u6240\u70ed\u7231\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf \u4efb\u6559\u8fc7\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eec\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u60f3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6211\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5168\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5199\u4f5c\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5b66 \u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u8ba9\u00b7\u5df4\u9c81\u5409\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u74e6\u83b1\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95f4\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u542c\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u518d\u665a\u4e9b\u7684\u662f\u6469\u91cc \u65af\u00b7\u6885\u7f57\uff0d\u5e9e\u8482\u548c\u827e\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u672c\u7ef4\u5c3c\u65af\u7279\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5192\u6627\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u51fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u601d \u60f3\u4e0e\u611f\u6fc0\u90fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5411\u6559\u6388\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u7684\u3002 \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u7531\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e00\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\uff08hors pouvoir\uff09 \u7684\u5b66\u5e9c\u65f6\u6240\u611f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f6e\u5230\u6211\u6765\u5bf9\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8363\u8a89\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u800c \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b83\u5e72\u8106\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e4b\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u52a1\uff1b\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u58f0\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u63a8 \u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u751a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7279\u6743\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u5df2\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u9769\u547d\u613f\u671b\u7684\u53cc \u91cd\u538b\u529b\u800c\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\u53bb\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9053\u7406\u4e0a\u8bf4\u53ef\u514d\u9664\u6743\u52bf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6743\u52bf\uff08\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u5229\u5fc5\u591a\uff09\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u8bdd\u8bed\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u6743\u52bf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u5904\u65f6\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8d8a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u548c\u6309\u7167\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bdd\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u652b\u53d6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u5f00\u521b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u65f6\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6784\u60f3\u3002 &nbsp;\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4f46\u575a\u6301\u7740\u8981\u53bb\u95ee\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u628a\u6743\u52bf\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684 \u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u90a3\u7c7b\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u672a\u66fe\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u6765\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6e17\u5165\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c \u6743\u52bf\u8c61\u9b54\u9b3c\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u519b\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5404\u79cd \u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u538b\u8feb\u96c6\u56e2\u6216\u538b\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u201d\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u9890\u6307\u6c14\u4f7f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6743\u52bf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe \u5de7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5728\u65f6\u88c5\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6f14\u51fa\u3001\u6e38\u4e50\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u6297\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u51b2\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u628a\u6240 \u6709\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u90fd\u79f0\u4f5c\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u4e43\u81f3\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53cd\u6297\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6218\u6597\u5374 \u5728\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u53cd\u6297\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6743\u52bf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u591a \u91cd\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b83\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6c38\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u6216\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u522b\u5904\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u706d\u5b83\u800c\u53bb\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a \u6b7b\u7070\u590d\u71c3\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u5ef6\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66 \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u957f\u5b58\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u5bc4\u5bd3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u518d\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff08la langue\uff09\u3002 \u8bed\u8a00\uff08langage\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u89c4\uff08code\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u65e2 \u610f\u5473\u7740\u5206\u914d\u53c8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u8bed\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u53bb\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u6309\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4e3e\u660e\u663e\u7684 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u6240\u662f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u9634\u6027\u4e0e\u9633\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c \u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u7981\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7tu\uff08\u4f60\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7vous\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff08parler\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u4e9b\u8bf4\u53d1\u51fa\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08discourir\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u8c61\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u53bb\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c48\u670d\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u652f\u914d\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u6211 \u60f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u548c\u5148\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4ece\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8bed \u4e3a\u5176\u53d1\u97f3\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u96f7\u5357\u800c\u8a00\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u4e45\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u632f\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u540e\u8005\u4e4b \u4e2d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u79cd\u8a00\u5916\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e0a\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u6267\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u6297\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5176\u53d1\u8bdd\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u201d\uff08esp\u00e9ce\uff09\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u662f\u7531\u7406\u6027\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002 \u8bdd \u4e00\u65e6\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u8981\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u5b9a \u6027\uff1a\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u6000\u7591\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u5224\u65ad\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u60c5\u6001\u8303\u7574\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a \u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4f01\u56fe\u5f31\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u529b\u91cf\uff08pouvoir de constatation\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3001\u5408\u7fa4\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e2d\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u578b\u5f0f\uff08st\u00e9reo type\uff09\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u96c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u95f2\u8361\u7740\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u90fd\u5728\u6211\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4e8e\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u5974\u4ec6\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b89\u7136\u5730\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u6240\u5974\u5f79\uff1b\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u9a73\u7740\u6211\u6240\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 \u4f46 \u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u6743\u52bf\u5fc5\u7136\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u9003\u907f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u5c48\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b \u5916\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u65c1\u542c\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6c42\u8bf8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u6765\u8d8a\u51fa\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\uff0c\u8c61\u514b\u5c14\u51ef\u6208\u5c14\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9 \u7f55\u7684\u796d\u732e\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u5947\u7279\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u53cd\u6297\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u3002\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u201c\u963f\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8c61 \u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bed\u8a00\u5974\u5f79\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5fb7\u9c81\u5179\u6240\u8bf4\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u9707\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e2\u975e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9a91\u58eb\u53c8\u975e\u8d85\u4eba\u7684\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f \uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u548c\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eb2\u8eb2\u95ea\u95ea\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00 \u6c38\u4e45\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u707f\u70c2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u613f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff08trichevie\uff09\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u5b66\u3002 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"page_builder":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yiwenxuanzai"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14-1977-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66 \u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6587\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14[1]\uff081977\u5e74\uff09 \u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a \u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8bf8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5199\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u968f\u7b14\u6587 \u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u542b\u6df7\u7684\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u5404\u884c\u5176\u9053\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u65e0\u6743\u5229\u6765\u4ee3\u8868 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5728\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u521a\u521a\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u5c31\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u827a\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u201c\u592a\u51ef\u5c14\u201d\uff08Tel Quel\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u6216\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002 \u4e8e \u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u548c\u9769\u65b0\u6027\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5927\u53a6\u91cc\u6240\u63a5\u5f85\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u614e\u91cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u9047\u5230\u7406\u667a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1 \u65f6\u603b\u8981\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u8c08\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6b22\u8fce\u6211\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u6211\u6765\u5230\u8fd9 \u91cc\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u611f\u5230\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8363\u8a89\u53ef\u80fd\u540d\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u5feb\u4e50\u5219\u5fc5\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u53c8\u5fc6\u8d77\u6216\u9047\u5230\u6211\u6240\u70ed\u7231\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf \u4efb\u6559\u8fc7\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eec\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u60f3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6211\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5168\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5199\u4f5c\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5b66 \u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u8ba9\u00b7\u5df4\u9c81\u5409\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u74e6\u83b1\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95f4\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u542c\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u518d\u665a\u4e9b\u7684\u662f\u6469\u91cc \u65af\u00b7\u6885\u7f57\uff0d\u5e9e\u8482\u548c\u827e\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u672c\u7ef4\u5c3c\u65af\u7279\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5192\u6627\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u51fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u601d \u60f3\u4e0e\u611f\u6fc0\u90fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5411\u6559\u6388\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u7684\u3002 \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u7531\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e00\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\uff08hors pouvoir\uff09 \u7684\u5b66\u5e9c\u65f6\u6240\u611f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f6e\u5230\u6211\u6765\u5bf9\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8363\u8a89\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u800c \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b83\u5e72\u8106\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e4b\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u52a1\uff1b\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u58f0\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u63a8 \u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u751a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7279\u6743\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u5df2\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u9769\u547d\u613f\u671b\u7684\u53cc \u91cd\u538b\u529b\u800c\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\u53bb\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9053\u7406\u4e0a\u8bf4\u53ef\u514d\u9664\u6743\u52bf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6743\u52bf\uff08\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u5229\u5fc5\u591a\uff09\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u8bdd\u8bed\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u6743\u52bf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u5904\u65f6\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8d8a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u548c\u6309\u7167\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bdd\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u652b\u53d6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u5f00\u521b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u65f6\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6784\u60f3\u3002 &nbsp;\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4f46\u575a\u6301\u7740\u8981\u53bb\u95ee\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u628a\u6743\u52bf\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684 \u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u90a3\u7c7b\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u672a\u66fe\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u6765\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6e17\u5165\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c \u6743\u52bf\u8c61\u9b54\u9b3c\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u519b\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5404\u79cd \u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u538b\u8feb\u96c6\u56e2\u6216\u538b\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u201d\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u9890\u6307\u6c14\u4f7f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6743\u52bf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe \u5de7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5728\u65f6\u88c5\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6f14\u51fa\u3001\u6e38\u4e50\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u6297\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u51b2\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u628a\u6240 \u6709\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u90fd\u79f0\u4f5c\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u4e43\u81f3\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53cd\u6297\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6218\u6597\u5374 \u5728\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u53cd\u6297\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6743\u52bf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u591a \u91cd\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b83\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6c38\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u6216\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u522b\u5904\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u706d\u5b83\u800c\u53bb\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a \u6b7b\u7070\u590d\u71c3\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u5ef6\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66 \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u957f\u5b58\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u5bc4\u5bd3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u518d\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff08la langue\uff09\u3002 \u8bed\u8a00\uff08langage\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u89c4\uff08code\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u65e2 \u610f\u5473\u7740\u5206\u914d\u53c8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u8bed\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u53bb\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u6309\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4e3e\u660e\u663e\u7684 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u6240\u662f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u9634\u6027\u4e0e\u9633\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c \u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u7981\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7tu\uff08\u4f60\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7vous\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff08parler\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u4e9b\u8bf4\u53d1\u51fa\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08discourir\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u8c61\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u53bb\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c48\u670d\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u652f\u914d\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u6211 \u60f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u548c\u5148\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4ece\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8bed \u4e3a\u5176\u53d1\u97f3\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u96f7\u5357\u800c\u8a00\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u4e45\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u632f\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u540e\u8005\u4e4b \u4e2d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u79cd\u8a00\u5916\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e0a\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u6267\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u6297\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5176\u53d1\u8bdd\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u201d\uff08esp\u00e9ce\uff09\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u662f\u7531\u7406\u6027\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002 \u8bdd \u4e00\u65e6\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u8981\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u5b9a \u6027\uff1a\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u6000\u7591\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u5224\u65ad\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u60c5\u6001\u8303\u7574\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a \u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4f01\u56fe\u5f31\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u529b\u91cf\uff08pouvoir de constatation\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3001\u5408\u7fa4\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e2d\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u578b\u5f0f\uff08st\u00e9reo type\uff09\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u96c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u95f2\u8361\u7740\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u90fd\u5728\u6211\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4e8e\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u5974\u4ec6\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b89\u7136\u5730\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u6240\u5974\u5f79\uff1b\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u9a73\u7740\u6211\u6240\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 \u4f46 \u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u6743\u52bf\u5fc5\u7136\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u9003\u907f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u5c48\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b \u5916\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u65c1\u542c\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6c42\u8bf8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u6765\u8d8a\u51fa\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\uff0c\u8c61\u514b\u5c14\u51ef\u6208\u5c14\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9 \u7f55\u7684\u796d\u732e\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u5947\u7279\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u53cd\u6297\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u3002\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u201c\u963f\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8c61 \u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bed\u8a00\u5974\u5f79\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5fb7\u9c81\u5179\u6240\u8bf4\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u9707\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e2\u975e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9a91\u58eb\u53c8\u975e\u8d85\u4eba\u7684\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f \uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u548c\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eb2\u8eb2\u95ea\u95ea\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00 \u6c38\u4e45\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u707f\u70c2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u613f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff08trichevie\uff09\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u5b66\u3002 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14-1977-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-01T17:25:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T18:28:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"team\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"team\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21\"},\"headline\":\"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-01T17:25:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T18:28:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":61,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/_themes\\\/network\\\/anetrule.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u8bd1\u6587\u9009\u8f7d\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/_themes\\\/network\\\/anetrule.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-01T17:25:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T18:28:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/_themes\\\/network\\\/anetrule.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youzhengli.com\\\/_themes\\\/network\\\/anetrule.gif\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21\",\"name\":\"team\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"team\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/semio.idg-staging.com\\\/li\\\/author\\\/team\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14-1977-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","og_description":"\u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66 \u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6587\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14[1]\uff081977\u5e74\uff09 \u5728\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f15\u81f4\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4efb\u6559\u591a \u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8bf8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5199\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u968f\u7b14\u6587 \u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u542b\u6df7\u7684\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u5404\u884c\u5176\u9053\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u65e0\u6743\u5229\u6765\u4ee3\u8868 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5728\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u521a\u521a\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u5c31\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u827a\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u201c\u592a\u51ef\u5c14\u201d\uff08Tel Quel\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u6216\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002 \u4e8e \u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u548c\u9769\u65b0\u6027\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5927\u53a6\u91cc\u6240\u63a5\u5f85\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u614e\u91cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u9047\u5230\u7406\u667a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1 \u65f6\u603b\u8981\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u8c08\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u6b22\u8fce\u6211\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u8c08\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u6211\u6765\u5230\u8fd9 \u91cc\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u611f\u5230\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8363\u8a89\u53ef\u80fd\u540d\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u5feb\u4e50\u5219\u5fc5\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u53c8\u5fc6\u8d77\u6216\u9047\u5230\u6211\u6240\u70ed\u7231\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf \u4efb\u6559\u8fc7\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eec\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u83b1\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u60f3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6211\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5168\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5199\u4f5c\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5b66 \u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u8ba9\u00b7\u5df4\u9c81\u5409\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u74e6\u83b1\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95f4\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u542c\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u518d\u665a\u4e9b\u7684\u662f\u6469\u91cc \u65af\u00b7\u6885\u7f57\uff0d\u5e9e\u8482\u548c\u827e\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u672c\u7ef4\u5c3c\u65af\u7279\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u5192\u6627\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u51fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u601d \u60f3\u4e0e\u611f\u6fc0\u90fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5411\u6559\u6388\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u7684\u3002 \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u7531\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e00\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\uff08hors pouvoir\uff09 \u7684\u5b66\u5e9c\u65f6\u6240\u611f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f6e\u5230\u6211\u6765\u5bf9\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8363\u8a89\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u800c \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b83\u5e72\u8106\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e4b\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u52a1\uff1b\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u58f0\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u63a8 \u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u751a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7279\u6743\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u5df2\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5236\u8bba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u9769\u547d\u613f\u671b\u7684\u53cc \u91cd\u538b\u529b\u800c\u75b2\u60eb\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\u53bb\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9053\u7406\u4e0a\u8bf4\u53ef\u514d\u9664\u6743\u52bf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6743\u52bf\uff08\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u5229\u5fc5\u591a\uff09\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u8bdd\u8bed\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u6743\u52bf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u5904\u65f6\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8d8a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u548c\u6309\u7167\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bdd\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u652b\u53d6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u5f00\u521b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u65f6\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6784\u60f3\u3002 &nbsp;\u5b9e \u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4f46\u575a\u6301\u7740\u8981\u53bb\u95ee\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u628a\u6743\u52bf\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684 \u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u90a3\u7c7b\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u672a\u66fe\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u6765\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6e17\u5165\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c \u6743\u52bf\u8c61\u9b54\u9b3c\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u519b\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5404\u79cd \u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u538b\u8feb\u96c6\u56e2\u6216\u538b\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u201d\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u9890\u6307\u6c14\u4f7f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6743\u52bf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe \u5de7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5728\u65f6\u88c5\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6f14\u51fa\u3001\u6e38\u4e50\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u6297\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u51b2\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u628a\u6240 \u6709\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u90fd\u79f0\u4f5c\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u4e43\u81f3\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u90a3\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53cd\u6297\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6218\u6597\u5374 \u5728\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u53cd\u6297\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6743\u52bf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u591a \u91cd\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b83\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6c38\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u6216\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u522b\u5904\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u706d\u5b83\u800c\u53bb\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5b83\u53c8\u4f1a \u6b7b\u7070\u590d\u71c3\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u5ef6\u5b58\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66 \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u957f\u5b58\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u52bf\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u5bc4\u5bd3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u518d\u51c6\u786e\u4e9b\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff08la langue\uff09\u3002 \u8bed\u8a00\uff08langage\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u89c4\uff08code\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u4e0d\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u538b\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u65e2 \u610f\u5473\u7740\u5206\u914d\u53c8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u900a\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u8bed\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u53bb\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u6309\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u8bf4\u7684\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4e3e\u660e\u663e\u7684 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u9648\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u6240\u662f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u9634\u6027\u4e0e\u9633\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c \u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u7981\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7tu\uff08\u4f60\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7vous\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff08parler\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u4e9b\u8bf4\u53d1\u51fa\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08discourir\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u8c61\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u53bb\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c48\u670d\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u652f\u914d\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u6211 \u60f3\u5f15\u8ff0\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u548c\u5148\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4ece\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8bed \u4e3a\u5176\u53d1\u97f3\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u96f7\u5357\u800c\u8a00\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u4e45\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u632f\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u540e\u8005\u4e4b \u4e2d\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u67d0\u79cd\u8a00\u5916\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e0a\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u6267\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fdd\u6297\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5176\u53d1\u8bdd\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u201d\uff08esp\u00e9ce\uff09\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u96f7\u5357\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u662f\u7531\u7406\u6027\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002 \u8bdd \u4e00\u65e6\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ea\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u8981\u4e3a\u6743\u52bf\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u65ad\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u5b9a \u6027\uff1a\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u6000\u7591\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u5224\u65ad\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u60c5\u6001\u8303\u7574\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8865\u5145\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a \u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4f01\u56fe\u5f31\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u529b\u91cf\uff08pouvoir de constatation\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3001\u5408\u7fa4\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e2d\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u578b\u5f0f\uff08st\u00e9reo type\uff09\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u96c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u95f2\u8361\u7740\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u90fd\u5728\u6211\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4e8e\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u5974\u4ec6\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b89\u7136\u5730\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u6240\u5974\u5f79\uff1b\u6211\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u9a73\u7740\u6211\u6240\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 \u4f46 \u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5974\u5f79\u548c\u6743\u52bf\u5fc5\u7136\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u9003\u907f\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u5c48\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b \u5916\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u65c1\u542c\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6c42\u8bf8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e8b\u6765\u8d8a\u51fa\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\uff0c\u8c61\u514b\u5c14\u51ef\u6208\u5c14\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9 \u7f55\u7684\u796d\u732e\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u5947\u7279\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u53cd\u6297\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u3002\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u201c\u963f\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8c61 \u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bed\u8a00\u5974\u5f79\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5fb7\u9c81\u5179\u6240\u8bf4\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u9707\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e2\u975e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9a91\u58eb\u53c8\u975e\u8d85\u4eba\u7684\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f \uff08\u5982\u679c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u548c\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eb2\u8eb2\u95ea\u95ea\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6743\u52bf\u4e4b\u5916\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00 \u6c38\u4e45\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u707f\u70c2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u613f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f04\u865a\u505a\u5047\uff08trichevie\uff09\u79f0\u4f5c\u6587\u5b66\u3002 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14-1977-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\/","og_site_name":"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","article_published_time":"2026-09-01T17:25:47+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T18:28:03+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"team"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/"},"author":{"name":"team","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#\/schema\/person\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21"},"headline":"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","datePublished":"2026-09-01T17:25:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T18:28:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/"},"wordCount":61,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif","articleSection":["\u8bd1\u6587\u9009\u8f7d"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/","url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/","name":"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9 - \u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif","datePublished":"2026-09-01T17:25:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T18:28:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#\/schema\/person\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.youzhengli.com\/_themes\/network\/anetrule.gif"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/%e6%b3%95%e5%85%b0%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2%e5%b0%b1%e8%81%8c%e8%ae%b2%e6%bc%94-1977-%e6%9d%8e%e5%b9%bc%e8%92%b8%e5%85%88%e7%94%9f%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u804c\u8bb2\u6f14\uff081977\uff09-\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#website","url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/","name":"\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\u5148\u751f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/#\/schema\/person\/80210e32ef5071912c52c181f1faec21","name":"team","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/365198cf621308bd8aae0c2c5b474fef81fe51e8702d440fac7089dae91e220e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"team"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com"],"url":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/author\/team\/"}]}},"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1471"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1475,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1471\/revisions\/1475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/semio.idg-staging.com\/li\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}