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\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u8005\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5168\u7403\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u52aa\u529b\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9996\u5148\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b27\u7f8e\u5b66\u672f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c \u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b66\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn2\">[ii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8c03\u8282\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;2. 1&nbsp;&nbsp;\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49&nbsp;vs&nbsp;\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1aa\uff09\u4f55\u8005\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cab\uff09 \u5982\u4f55\u6700\u5408\u7406\u5730\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u8bfe\u9898\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u7684\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u6027\u8d28\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\uff0c \u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7406\u8bba\u671d\u5411\u7684\uff1f\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a \u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn3\">[iii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u6b64 \u5916\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u76f8\u5173\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u5377\u5165\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u4e89\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002 \u4e0a\u8ff0\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u56e0\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u4e5f\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u524d\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff1a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b \u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\u5e94\u5f53\u4e88\u4ee5\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u5730\u6539\u9020\uff1f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u683c\u662f\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u8de8\u5b66 \u79d1\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e8c\u5ea6\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u201d\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6240\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u6001\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u7ecf\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cc\u91cd\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u6b64\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 \u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u897f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6784\u6210\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b66\u672f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u66f4\u96be\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn4\">[iv]<\/a>&nbsp;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u8981\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5728\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u529b\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn5\">[v]<\/a>&nbsp;\u56e0 \u6b64\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u56fd\u9645\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u5e94\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u7acb\u5373\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5438 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href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn6\">[vi]<\/a>&nbsp;\u6b63\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f83\u9002\u5207\u5730\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn7\">[vii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u73b0\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u897f\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u663e\u7136\u5e94\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn8\">[viii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u9996 \u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u8d44\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u95ee \u9898\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u516c\u5206\u6bcd\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0 \u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u795e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u5949\u8005\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u897f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b \u662f\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u8821\u6e05\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u5185\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff1a\u5b66\u79d1\u672c\u4f4d\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fd0\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff08\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u6574\u4f53\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u9690\u542b\u610f\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6b27\u7f8e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u4f7f\u524d\u8ff0\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u6709\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. 1&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5207\u975e\u6b27\u7f8e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u522b\u5177\u7279\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a\uff09\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b\uff09\u5728\u73b0\u5b58\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5f0f\u601d\u60f3\u6f5c\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c\uff09\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6f5c\u5728\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u8c08\u4e0d\u5230\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u8868\u9762\u6027\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4f30\u4ef7\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0cb\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7a\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u6b62\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u6f5c\u529b\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5bcc\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8ec\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cb\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0cc\uff09\u5219\u5177\u6709\u8fdc\u5177\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u8bf4\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89d1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709c\uff09\u624d\u6700\u5177\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. 2&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u503c \u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u5168\u7403\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8f6c\u8ff0\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u5f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e2d\u897f\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u53f2\u54f2\u827a\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6539\u8fdb\u6b27\u7f8e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u88ab\u9996\u5148\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u666e\u9002\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u4e4b \u540e\u3002\u5982\u4e0d\u7ecf\u6b64\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u8bad\u7ec3\u8005\u5728\u201c\u521d\u7ea7\u201d\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ec5\u7ecf\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4 \u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u6709\u6548\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6b64\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u8bdd\u8bed\u8574\u6db5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3 \u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u6d41\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. 3&nbsp;\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u975e\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728c\uff09 \u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u54f2\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u589e\u52a0 \u4e86\u62b5\u5236\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u6240\u8c13\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd4\u8f83\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u679c\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u897f\u54f2\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e92\u6bd4\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5185\u542b\u7684\u771f \u6b63\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u6bd4\u8f83\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u897f\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5&nbsp;&nbsp;\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7406\u8bba\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6807\u79f0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece \u5168\u7403\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5143\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fdc\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u88ab\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u201c\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u201d\u7684\u603b\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4e00\u5207\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u5173\u7684\u591a 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\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u6784\u6210\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u79cd\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. 1&nbsp;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb0\u53f7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb0\u53f7\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u786e\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7ed3\u6784\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u53f7\u88ab\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66&#8211;\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53f2\u5b66\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u8bcd\u201c\u8bb0\u53f7\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u5404\u81ea\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u6240\u6307\u8005\uff08referent\uff09\u3002 \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eca\u540e\u56fd\u9645\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u68c0\u89c6\u56fd\u9645\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d \u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u6982\u5ff5\u8bcd\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u80c6\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb0\u53f7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u5b66\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u52a0\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u8bb0\u53f7\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u4e49\u5206 \u6790\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u5374\u987b\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u672f\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d\u5185\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6027\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u201c\u5355\u5143\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u81ea \u7136\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u548c\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\uff1b\u5b83\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u53ef\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u8bb0\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u6027\u5355\u5143\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u4f7f\u6b64\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u5355\u5143\u8f83\u5c11\u6709\u6548\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b66 \u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6b64\u591a\u5143\u8bed\u4e49\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u8bed \u7528\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u672f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66&#8212;\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u5355\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u5355\u5143\u201d\uff0c\u8f83\u5c11\u5730\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6027\uff08\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7684\uff09\u77e5\u89c9\u6027\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6211\u79f0\u6b64\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u6784\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u6700\u65e9\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u7535\u5f71\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c1999\u5e74\u5728\u6211\u4e3a\u5fb7\u7d2f\u65af\u987f\u5927\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u5236\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u66fe\u52a0\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u6269\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u6765\u81ea\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5fc5\u7136\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. 2&nbsp;\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u8bed\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8be6\u8bba\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5236\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8eab\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn11\">[xi]<\/a>&nbsp;\u800c \u53ea\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u53d8\u8fc1\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u5b66\u672f\u7b56\u7565\u5b66\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7814 \u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7c7b\u578b \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u5c11\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u53cd\u4e4b\uff09\uff1b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u6b21\u5c11\uff0c\u5374\u6781\u5927\u5730\u76f8\u5173 \u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u540e\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u9996\u5148\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5206\u6e05\u4f20\u7edf\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u548c\u8bed\u7528\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba \u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u73b0\u5b58\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u53f2\u6eaf\u6e90\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31 \u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u4e8e\u7eb5\u5411\u5730\u5851\u9020\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5728\u4e8e\u6a2a\u5411\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e92 \u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn12\">[xii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a&#8212;-\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u5316&#8212;\u5386\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u5b66\u672f&#8212;\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. 3&nbsp;\u5236\u5ea6\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e92\u52a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u975e\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u884c\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba&#8212;\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6b63\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u5b83\u4f01\u56fe\u89e3\u5256\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u672f\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn13\">[xiii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5728\u6b64\u53ef\u542b\u6709\u201c\u786c\u4f53\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8f6f\u4f53\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u793e\u4f1a&#8212;\u7ecf\u6d4e&#8212;\u6559 \u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6269\u89e3\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u610f\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u80e1\u4e71\u5e72\u9884\u5b66\u79d1\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f01\u56fe\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e38\u89c4\u5b66\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf \u201c\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u201d\u53e6\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6b63\u662f\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b0\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5fc5\u7136\u9996\u5148\u5145\u5206\u5b66\u4e60\u5e38\u89c4\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6210\u679c \uff08\u800c\u975e\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u521b\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5b66\u672f\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u518d\u5206\u6790\u548c\u518d\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u65bd\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5408\u7406\u8bba \u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u591a\u5143\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5176\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u8fbe\u6210\u76f8\u5173 \u4e8e\u4e2a\u522b\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u5168\u4f53\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u529f\u6548\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u4e8e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u7834 \u574f\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5438\u6536\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8c26\u865a\u800c\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u5236\u5ea6 \u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7b49\u504f\u4e8e\u6218\u7565\u6027\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u90e8\u95e8\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f53\u4ee3\u90e8\u95e8\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684 \u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fa8\u8bc1\u5730\u4e92\u4f9d\u4e92\u5b58\u7684\uff1b\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7 \u5b66\u662f\u4ece\u90e8\u95e8\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e2d\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5438\u53d6\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u8425\u517b\u7684\u3002\u3010\u4e2d\u8bd1\u6587\u8865\u8bb0\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9996\u5148\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u7b26\u53f7 \u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u76ee\u6807\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u987b\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u6269\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5411\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_edn14\">[xiv]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7\u3002\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u9645\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. 1&nbsp;\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u8baf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fc7\u53bb\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u548c\u5305\u7f57\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0cIASS\u4ea6 \u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5730\u533a\u3001\u591a\u9886\u57df\u3001\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u591a\u8bfe\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b66\u672f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u8fd9 \u4e2a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5e73\u53f0\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fbe\u6210\u6b64\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7b26 \u53f7\u5b66\u5c1a\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u672f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u7531\u4e8e\u8d22\u7269\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u6b27\u7f8e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u53c2\u52a0IASS\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u6210\u4e3aIASS\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u957f\u671f\u56f0\u96be\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u671d\u5411\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4ea4\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u5176\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. 2&nbsp;\u82f1\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d 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\u5c06\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5bcc\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u6548\u6027\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5229\u76ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u804c\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u800c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219 \u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u6b64\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u5b66\u672f\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b58\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u672f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u5b66\u672f\u201c\u5f02\u4ed6 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\u6587\u8865\u8bb0\uff1a\u5b54\u5b5f\u5b66\u5f3a\u8c03\u52a8\u673a\u5b66\uff0c\u8001\u5e84\u5b66\u5426\u5b9a\u52a8\u673a\u5b66\uff1b\u5b54\u5b5f\u4ee5\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u7eaf\u8d23\u4eba\uff08\u4e61\u613f\uff09\uff0c\u9053\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5b54\u5b5f\u5b9e\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5b9e\u4e4b\u865a\u8a89\u4ee5\u8fbe\u201c\u4e11\u4eba\u7f8e\u5df1\u201d\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u8ba5\u3002\u6b64\u201c\u6848\u201d\u9002\u4e8e\u53e4\u4eca \u4e2d\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fa8\u6790\u6b64\u201c\u662f\u975e\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8a00\u5b54\u5b5f\u3011\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u4ee3\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u9ebd\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff01\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u64cd\u5b88\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u7684 \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6b20\u7f3a\u91cd\u5927\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u4e0e\u6b64\u5b66\u672f\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684 \u4e48\uff1f\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u533a\u522b\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u5171\u6027\uff08\u5b66\u672f\u5185\u90e8\uff09\u771f\u7406\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\uff08\u5b66\u672f\u5916\u90e8\uff09\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u8de8\u6587 \u5316\u5b66\u672f\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u673a\u4f1a\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u4f9d\u4e2a\u4eba\u5916\u90e8\u4f18\u8d8a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u62c9\u5e2e\u7ed3\u6d3e\uff0c\u51b2\u5411\u5b66\u672f\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7ade \u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5229\uff08\u540d\uff0c\u52bf\uff09\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a\u5c42\u65e0\u6d89\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u6cbb\u5b66\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u65e0\u6d89\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7275\u626f\u5230\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5386\u9669\u7684\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deely, John (2005). Basics of semiotics. Tartu: Tartu University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eco, Umberto (1984). Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Bloomington: Indiana&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;University Press.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (1999).<em>&nbsp;Kant et L\u2019 Ornithorynque<\/em>. Paris&nbsp;: Grasset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (2000). Quelques observations en guese de conclusion<em>. In Au nom du Sens: autour de&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>l\u2019 Umberto Eco<\/em>, Petitot, Jean and Fabbri, Paolo (ed.), 579-602.&nbsp;Paris&nbsp;: Bernard Grasset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foucault, Michel (2001). L\u2019 Hermeneutique du Sujet. Paris&nbsp;: Gallimard &amp; Seuil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Greimas, A. 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Epistemological and Methodological Problems in Studies of Traditional<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese Ethical Scholarship. In&nbsp;<em>New Literary History<\/em>, Vol.26, Nr.3. 519-536.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (1997).&nbsp;<em>Epistemological Problems of the Comparative Humanities<\/em>.&nbsp;Frankfurt: Peter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (1998). Sign Conceptions in China. In&nbsp;<em>Semiotics: A Handbook on the Sign-Theoretic<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Foundations of Nature and Culture<\/em>, Posner, Roland, Robering, Klaus, Sebeok, Thomas&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A (ed.). 1856-1881. Berlin\/New York:Walter de Gruyter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (2000).&nbsp;<em>Xingshangluoji he Bentixuwu:xiandai Defa Lunlixue Renshilun Yanjiu&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Metaphysical Logic and Ontological Nihilism: An Ethic-Epistemological Studies of Contemporary German-French Ethical Thoughts). Beijing: The Commerce Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (2000-2001) Modern Theory and Traditional Chinese Historiography.&nbsp;In&nbsp;<em>Nachrichten:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Der Gesellschaft fuer nature-und Voelkerkunde Ostasiens.<\/em>&nbsp;Herbert Worn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ed.).&nbsp;Ham-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Burg. 181-204.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (2001). Chinese Philosophy and Semiotics. In&nbsp;<em>Two Roads to Wisdom? Chinese and&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Analytic Philosophical Traditions,&nbsp;<\/em>Bo Mou (ed.), 169-198. Chicago and La Salle:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Open Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8212; (2003).&nbsp;<em>Lishi Fuhaoxue<\/em>&nbsp;(A Semiotics of History). Beijing: Guangxi Shida University&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posner, Roland, Robering, Klaus, Sebeok, Thomas A (ed.) (1998).&nbsp;<em>Semiotics: A&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Handbook on the Sign-Theoretic Foundations of Nature and Culture.<\/em>&nbsp;Berlin\/New&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;York:Walter de Gruyter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ricoeur, Paul (1990).&nbsp;<em>Soi-meme comme un Autre<\/em>.&nbsp;Paris&nbsp;: Seuil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rorty, Richard (1998).&nbsp;<em>Truth and Progress<\/em>. New York: Cambridge University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Salanskis, J.,Rastier, F., Scheps, R. (ed.). (1997).&nbsp;<em>Hermeneutiques&nbsp;: Textes, Sciences<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paris&nbsp;: Presses Universitaires de France<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Violi, Patrizia (2000). Eco et son referent. In&nbsp;<em>Au nom du Sens<\/em>, Petito, J. and Fabbri, P.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ed.), 21-40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_ftnref1\">*<\/a>\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u82ac\u5170\u4f9d\u9a6c\u7279\u62c9\u201c\u5168\u7403\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u201d\u5927\u4f1a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff082005\uff0c6\uff0c14\uff09\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u6210\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u591a\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u5173\u771f\u7406\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8005\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08Peter Lang\uff0c1997\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u5df2\u520a\u8f7d\u4e8e2006\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff08# 162\u30141\/4\u3015\uff09&nbsp;SEMIOTICA\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>&nbsp;\u57282002\u5e74 \u676d\u5dde\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u7c7b\u578b\u89c2\uff1a\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u90e8\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\uff09\uff1b\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66 \u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u6574\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1 \u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6cdb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\uff1a\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u300b\uff0c2003\uff0cp 250\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u827e\u67ef\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316&nbsp;\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eca\u65e5\u5c1a\u672a\u5230\u6765\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u827e\u67ef\uff081999\uff09\uff0cp 8\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\uff082003\uff09\uff0cp 92\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>&nbsp;\u897f\u65b9\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u754c\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u6b64\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u6700\u7ec8\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u7f8e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u6b27\u9646\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u827e\u67ef\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1\u827e\u67ef\uff081984\uff09\uff0cp 8\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u88ab\u6295\u5165Dasein\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u2026\u2026\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684Dasein\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u9650\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6b64\u9650\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u9884\u89c1\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u4ec5\u53ea\u9884\u89c1\u800c\u5df2\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u9650\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5916\u53ea\u80fd\u6c89\u9ed8\u65e0\u8bed\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1\u827e\u67ef\uff082000\uff09\uff0cp 93\u3002\u770b\u6765\u827e\u67ef\u6253\u7b97\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcdsign\u65e2\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u8bcdlanguage\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\u3002&nbsp;\u827e\u67ef\u6b63\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b66\u53ea\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u771f\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u7565\u5728\u5176\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u827e\u67ef\uff081999\uff09\uff0cp 19\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528hermeneutics\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u542b\u62ec\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6269\u5927\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u89c6\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[iv]&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fdc\u975e\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u6027\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5386\u53f2\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\uff082001\uff09\uff0cp 170\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[v]&nbsp;\u4f5c\u8005\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\uff082000\u5e74\u5e95\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u8005\u5b66\u672f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f1f\u5927\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5168\u4f53\u601d\u60f3\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\uff082003\uff09\uff0c240-242\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[vi]&nbsp;\u6ce8\u610f\u827e\u67ef\u4e0b\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6446\u8131\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6211\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u6df7\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f15\u8ff0\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u548c\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8c08\u8bdd\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u5fc5\u987b\u6d88\u706dreferent\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff01\u2019\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1\u9b4f\u83aa\u8389\uff082000\uff09\uff0cp 21\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9referent\u8fd9 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6240\u6307\u8005\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u793a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u6307\u3001\u53ef\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6240\u6307\u8005\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u201d\u5df4\u5c14 \u7279\u5bf9\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7cbe\u8f9f\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\u201c\u771f\u7406\u201d\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u66f4\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u800c\u975e\u66f4\u52a0\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684&nbsp;\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u771f\u7406\u89c2\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e43\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u5173\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u5a92\u4ecb\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\uff081997\uff09\uff0c53-74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[vii]&nbsp;&nbsp;\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u6b64\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u60ca\u6089\u4fdd\u7f57\u5229\u79d1\u901d\u4e16\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u628a\u5229\u79d1\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5f15\u4ecb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5229\u79d1\u54f2\u5b66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u82f1\u7f8e\u6cd5\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5229\u79d1\u54f2\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u7d2f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7531\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7ea0\u7f20\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u72b9\u8c6b\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u542b\u6df7\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semio-ethics.com\/li\/a\/admin\/htmledit\/ewebeditor.asp?id=newscontent&amp;style=standard#_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e5f\u6301\u77e5\u8bc6\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u3002\u897f\u6bd4\u5965\u514b\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u300b\uff082001\uff0cV136-1\/4\uff09\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4e24\u5927\u5b66\u672f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u51fa\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ix]&nbsp;&nbsp;\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u8fd1\u4e2d\u6587\u8457\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u5e02\u573a\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u673a\u5236\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5fd7\u5411\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u5728\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u629b\u5f03\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u52a8\u673a\u88ab\u201c\u7269\u5316\u201d\u4e3a\u7eaf\u5e02\u573a\u201c\u5229\u6da6\u201d\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[x]&nbsp;&nbsp;\u827e\u67ef\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee5\u542b\u6df7\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06referent\u6b64\u8bcd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u754c\u9650\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1Petitot&nbsp;\u548cFabbri\uff08\u7f16\uff09\uff0c2000\uff0cp 599\u3002 \u6211\u5219\u575a\u51b3\u4e3b\u5f20\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u98a0\u8986\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8f7b\u8511\u4e3a\u3001\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u667a\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6587\u5b66 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[xii]&nbsp;\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6eaf\u6e90\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u8054\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[xiii]&nbsp;&nbsp;\u57281995\u5e74\u4f5c\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u518d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u518d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u5e7c\u84b8\uff081997\uff09\uff0cp 76\uff1b\u6216\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0cV7-3\/4\uff0c\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff0c1996\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[xiv]&nbsp;\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u76ca\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\uff1a\u8bfe\u9898\uff08problematique\uff09\u5148\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u9009\u53d6\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7ec4\u5408\u6750\u6599\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u8bfe\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5747\u76f8\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u672f\u7b56\u7565\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u683c\u672c\u8eab\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7406\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u8f6c\u5411 &#8212;- 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